Effects of order and authority in an argumentative speech

Gilkinson, Howard; Paulson, Stanley F.; Sikkink, Donald E.

doi:10.1080/00335635409381969

Cited by 28 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Another variable presumed to affect ethos of a speaker is the use of cited authority in support of materials contained in a speech. Studies by Cole (1954), by Gilkinson, Paulson, and Sikkink (1954), and by Sikkink (1956) reported that citation of authority did not increase persuasiveness. Cathcart (1955) found that (a) arguments supported by authority without documentation, (b) use of authority with documentation, and (c) specification of the expertness of the authority all produced significantly greater shifts of opinion than did the same arguments presented without these forms of support.…”

Section: Experimental Studies Op Ethosmentioning

confidence: 94%

The contribution of studies of source credibility to a theory of interpersonal trust in the communication process.

Giffin¹

1967

Psychological Bulletin

713

352

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Interpersonal trust in the communication process is denned as reliance upon the communication of another person in order to achieve a desired but uncertain objective in a risky situation. A theory of the dimensions of interpersonal trust in communication is presented. Experimental studies of ethos and factor-analytic studies of source credibility support the hypothesis that interpersonal trust is based upon a listener's perceptions of a speaker's expertness, reliability, intentions, activeness, personal attractiveness, and the majority opinion of the listener's associates.

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Section: Experimental Studies Op Ethosmentioning

confidence: 94%

The contribution of studies of source credibility to a theory of interpersonal trust in the communication process.

Giffin¹

1967

Psychological Bulletin

713

352

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“…An addi tional finding in the Gilkinson, Paulson, and Sikkink study (42) was that quoting authorities had no significant effect. Pastore and Horowitz (78) reaffirmed that persuasion associated with positive motives was significantly more accepted.…”

Section: Quantitative Studiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Chapter IV: Speaking

Fotheringham¹,

Berquist²

1958

Review of Educational Research

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THREE principal bases of selection were employed for materials here reviewed. First, items central to speaking and communication as a social act were included. Other chapters in this issue deal with listening, linguistics, communication theory, and speech disorders. Second, items which were speculative, discursive, theoretical, or anecdotal in approach were omitted. Finally, publications relatively accessible to the reader were emphasized. Unpublished dissertations and items in foreign journals were considered generally unaccessible.The research selected for review was organized into four broad categories: (a) bibliographies and reviews; (b) tests, measurements, and instruments for research; (c) quantitative studies; and (d) historicalcritical studies. Bibliographies and ReviewsAuer (3), Knower (67), and Dow (33) continued their indexes and abstracts of doctoral dissertations. Gray (45) compiled an index of doctoral dissertations in areas contiguous to speech. Bass (5) reviewed research in leaderless group discussion. Karstetter (62) and Kelley and Thibaut (64) reviewed studies in group dynamics. Hovland (59) summarized the major studies on mass media of communication. Black (9) reviewed recent research on intelligibility.Caplan and King (19) compiled an extensive bibliography of studies dealing with pulpit eloquence from 1500 to the present. Haberman and others (51) continued their annotated bibliographies of studies in rhetoric and public address. Gunderson (49) compiled a bibliography of studies in historical journals relevant to public address. Auer (2) prepared a bibliography of studies in American public address. Eubanks, Baker, and Golden (36) developed a bibliography stressing studies relevant to the Southern states. Tests, Measures, Instruments of ResearchEfforts to develop the instruments of research appeared to be considerably more limited than studies devoted to the testing of hypotheses. In the area of discussion and small-group behavior, two formulas were developed to quantify some outcomes of discussion. Matthews and Bendig (77) developed an Index of Agreement designed to quantify the degree of agreement among discussants. The index is computed simply. Dickens (30) presented and discussed the usefulness of a measure of the "spread of participation" occurring in a discussion.

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“…Hayakawa (73) and Johnson (88) discussed some of the semantic tasks of the auder. Gilkinson,Paulson,and Sikkink (63,64) reported studies of the relations among bias, self-perceived bias, speaker identity, sex, and speech structure. They were unable to explain why unperceived bias in the speaker or in the auder was significantly stronger and more consistent among self-declared Republicans than among Democrats.…”

Section: Critical Audingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chapter IV: Auding

Caffrey¹

1955

Review of Educational Research

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Effects of order and authority in an argumentative speech

Cited by 28 publications

References 2 publications

The contribution of studies of source credibility to a theory of interpersonal trust in the communication process.

The contribution of studies of source credibility to a theory of interpersonal trust in the communication process.

Chapter IV: Speaking

Chapter IV: Auding

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