Effects of orally administered bovine lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase on influenza virus infection in mice

Abstract

Objectives: Lactoferrin (LF) and lactoperoxidase (LPO) are present in human saliva. LF has been demonstrated to show antibacterial and antiviral activities. In saliva, LPO catalyzes the hydrogen peroxide-dependent oxidation of thiocyanate to hypothiocyanite that exhibits antimicrobial and antiviral properties. A randomized, open-label, parallel-group clinical trial was conducted to examine the effectiveness of sucking tablets containing LF and LPO (LF+LPO) in alleviating symptoms of the common cold and/or influenza infection. Methods: A total of 407 subjects were randomized into two groups, treatment and non-treatment groups, and each group was further classified into subgroups habitually wearing a face mask, washing their hands, or gargling. The common cold, influenza, and gastrointestinal symptoms were used to evaluate the effectiveness, and the incidence and duration of symptoms were statistically analyzed. Results: The incidence and duration of common cold, gastrointestinal symptoms, and influenza infection were not statistically different between treatment and non-treatment groups. LF+LPO tablets were moderately effective in reducing the incidence and duration of common cold symptoms in the subgroup that did not gargle and especially to shorten significantly the duration of fever higher than 38°C in the subgroup that did not wear a face mask. Conclusion: The results suggested that the effect of ingestion of the tablet is not obvious in alleviating common cold symptoms but may be helpful when the subjects do not follow precautionary measures such as gargling and the use of a protective face mask.

Expression and characterization of bovine lactoperoxidase by recombinant vaccinia virus

“…However, the replication of vv/bLPO at a moi of 5 PFU/cell was not inhibited by antiviral activity of recombinant bLPO, because LPO catalyzes oxidation of endogenous thiocyanate (SCN -) to produce hypothiocyanate (OSCN -) only in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). These products have a broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antiviral activity (Shin et al 2001(Shin et al , 2005. Therefore due to the absence of thiocyanate (SCN -) and/or hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) the replication of recombinant virus is not inhibited by recombinant bLPO.…”

Evaluation of innate immune stimulating activity of polysaccharides using a silkworm (Bombyx mori) muscle contraction assay

“…Microarray analysis revealed that injection of PP alters gene expression patterns in the silkworm hemocytes and fat body cells, resulting in the induction of genes involved in innate immunity (10). Stimulants of innate immunity are therapeutically effective against viral infection (30)(31)(32)(33)(34). Thus, we hypothesized that activation of PP by GE-3 would contribute to the defense against viral infection in the silkworm.…”

Future Challenges of Whey Proteins

“…Oral administration of LP attenuated pneumonia in influenza virus-infected mice by suppressing the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lung (Shin et al, 2005).…”