Effects of oral estradiol and levonorgestrel on cardiovascular risk markers in postmenopausal women

Terauchi, Masakazu; Honjo, Hideo; Mizunuma, Hideki; Asô, Takeshi

doi:10.1007/s00404-012-2222-9

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Estrogen therapy in post-menopausal women can, therefore, reduce cardiovascular disease. 23 While in the study reported here the magnesium level in peri-and post-menopausal women with periodontal diseases was lower than that of pre-menopausal women, it might occur in the serum of peri-and post-menopausal women. Hypomagnesia associated with estrogen deficiency and periodontal inflammation could cause reactive oxidative stress (ROS) accumulation that manifests itself in depressive syndrome.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Deoxypyridinoline and mineral levels in gingival crevicular fluid as disorder indicators of menopausal women with periodontal disease

Dharmayanti

Kusumawardani

2018

Dent. J. (Maj. Ked. Gigi)

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Background: Menopause is a phase of a woman’s life marked by menstruation cycle cessation and an increased risk of periodontal disease. It can be caused by estrogen deficiency which alters the microenvironment in the sulcular gingival area and influences the composition and flow of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). GCF has been widely studied as a non-invasive diagnostic and predictive tool for periodontal diseases. However, insufficient reports exist that explore its role as a predictive or diagnostic tool for bone loss detection in menopausal women. Purpose: This study aimed was to investigate deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and mineral levels that could be utilized as disorder indicators in menopausal women with periodontal disease. Methods: This study represents a form of analytical observation. Eighty-four patients of the Dental Hospital, University of Jember who fulfilled certain criteria were recruited. The subjects were divided into two main groups based on the presence of periodontal disease, (gingivitis=26; periodontitis=58) which were subsequently divided into three sub-groups based on their menopausal phase (pre-menopausal=26; perimenopausal=40; post-menopausal=18). GCF was collected using paper points from the buccal site of a posterior maxillary tooth with each subject having their GCF taken on only one occasion. DPD analysis was conducted by means of an ELISA test. The analysis of calcium, magnesium and sodium incorporated the use of an Atomic Absorption Spectroscope (AAS), while that of phosphor was by means of a spectrophotometer. Statistical analyses were performed using a comparison and correlation test (p<0.05). Results: There were significant differences in DPD and the mineral level of GCF in menopausal women with periodontal diseases (p<0.05). DPD and mineral levels showed significant correlation to those of menopausal women with periodontal diseases and a pH of GCF. Conclusion: DPD and mineral level in GCF could be used as disorder indicators in menopausal women with periodontal diseases.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Deoxypyridinoline and mineral levels in gingival crevicular fluid as disorder indicators of menopausal women with periodontal disease

Dharmayanti

Kusumawardani

2018

Dent. J. (Maj. Ked. Gigi)

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“…HT in younger women close to menopause is thought to be protective for coronary disease and total mortality 12 ; however, there are several possible mechanisms for this observation, and changes in lipids and coagulation markers have not been linked to beneficial events or AEs. Well-known metabolic changes with some oral HT formulations include decreases in total cholesterol and lowdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL), and increases in highdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL) and triglycerides [13][14][15][16] . Some oral HT formulations also cause an imbalance in hemostatic factors leading to blood coagulation activation and a hypercoagulable state [13][14][15][16][17] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Well-known metabolic changes with some oral HT formulations include decreases in total cholesterol and lowdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL), and increases in highdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL) and triglycerides [13][14][15][16] . Some oral HT formulations also cause an imbalance in hemostatic factors leading to blood coagulation activation and a hypercoagulable state [13][14][15][16][17] . Some progestogens attenuate the beneficial effects of estrogens on lipid metabolism, those with greater androgenicity having more impact [18][19][20][21] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic and cardiovascular effects of TX-001HR in menopausal women with vasomotor symptoms

et al. 2019

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Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of TX-001HR (17b-estradiol [E2] and progesterone [P4] in a single oral capsule) on cardiometabolic markers and outcomes. Methods: Four E2/P4 doses (1 mg/100 mg, 0.5 mg/100 mg, 0.5 mg/50 mg, 0.25 mg/50 mg) were compared with placebo in menopausal women with vasomotor symptoms (VMS) and a uterus in the phase 3 REPLENISH (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01942668) trial. Changes in lipid and coagulation parameters and blood glucose from baseline at 6, 9, and 12 months as well as cardiovascular events are summarized. Results: A total of 1835 participants took 1 capsule of daily E2/P4; 1684 received E2/P4 and 151 received placebo. No clinically significant changes in lipid parameters, coagulation factors, or glucose were observed between treatment groups. Minimal increases of potential clinical importance were observed in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose at month 12 with E2/P4 (1-4%, 6-11%, and 1%, respectively) and placebo (3%, 7%, and 2%, respectively). One episode of deep venous thrombosis and three cases of cardiovascular disease were observed, similar to expected rates of these events in the general population. Conclusions: In the REPLENISH trial, postmenopausal women with VMS treated with E2/P4 had no clinically meaningful effects on lipids, glucose, or coagulation parameters compared with placebo.

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“…E 2 also has direct antioxidant effects (1), changes vascular reactivity (2,3), interacts with vascular smooth muscle (4,5), and reduces the level of circulating cholesterol (6) and free fatty acids (FFAs) (7). Some of these effects are acute, taking place within minutes or hours (8), whereas the beneficial effects on lipid metabolism may be related to more prolonged effects of E 2 on muscle and fat distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estradiol acutely inhibits whole body lipid oxidation and attenuates lipolysis in subcutaneous adipose tissue: a randomized, placebo-controlled study in postmenopausal women

Gormsen

Høst²,

Hjerrild³

et al. 2012

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Context: Estradiol (E 2 ) promotes and maintains the female phenotype characterized by subcutaneous fat accumulation. There is evidence to suggest that this effect is due to increased anti-lipolytic a2A-adrenergic receptors, but whether this requires long-term exposure to E 2 or is an immediate effect is not clear. Objective: To study acute effects of a single dose (4 mg) of 17b-E 2 on regional and systemic lipolysis. Methods: Sixteen postmenopausal women (age, 59G5 years; weight, 67G10 kg; and BMI, 24.8G2.9) were studied in a crossover design: i) placebo and ii) 4 mg E 2 . Basal and adrenaline-stimulated regional lipolysis was assessed by microdialysis and substrate oxidation rates by indirect calorimetry. Tissue biopsies were obtained to assess lipoprotein lipase activity and mRNA expression of adrenergic, estrogen, cytokine, and vascular reactivity receptors. Results: Acute E 2 stimulation significantly attenuated catecholamine-stimulated lipolysis in femoral subcutaneous adipose tissue (interstitial glycerol concentration (micromole/liter) ANOVA time vs treatment interaction, PZ0.01) and lipolysis in general in abdominal adipose tissue (ANOVA treatment alone, P!0.05). E 2 also reduced basal lipid oxidation ((mg/kg per min) placebo, 0.58G0.06 vs E 2 , 0.45G0.03; PZ0.03) and induced a significantly higher expression of anti-lipolytic a2A-adrenergic receptor mRNA (PZ0.02) in skeletal muscle tissue as well as an upregulation of eNOS (NOS3) mRNA (PZ0.02). Conclusion: E 2 acutely attenuates the lipolytic response to catecholamines in subcutaneous adipose tissue, shifts muscular adrenergic receptor mRNA toward anti-lipolytic a2A-receptors, decreases whole body lipid oxidation, and enhances expression of markers of vascular reactivity.

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Effects of oral estradiol and levonorgestrel on cardiovascular risk markers in postmenopausal women

Abstract: Hormone therapy using 1.0 or 0.5 mg of mE(2) and LNG lowers the serum levels of TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, and TG without significantly affecting coagulation/fibrinolysis parameters.

Cited by 17 publications

References 34 publications

Deoxypyridinoline and mineral levels in gingival crevicular fluid as disorder indicators of menopausal women with periodontal disease

Deoxypyridinoline and mineral levels in gingival crevicular fluid as disorder indicators of menopausal women with periodontal disease

Metabolic and cardiovascular effects of TX-001HR in menopausal women with vasomotor symptoms

Estradiol acutely inhibits whole body lipid oxidation and attenuates lipolysis in subcutaneous adipose tissue: a randomized, placebo-controlled study in postmenopausal women

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