Effects of Oral Administration of Bamboo (Dendrocalamus membranaceus) Leaf Flavonoids on the Antioxidant Capacity, Caecal Microbiota, and Serum Metabolome of Gallus gallus domesticus

Abstract

The consumption of bamboo leaf flavonoids (BLFs) as novel dietary antioxidants has increased owing to their beneficial biological and pharmacological functions. This study assessed the in vivo effects of BLFs on antioxidant capacity, as well as caecal microbiota, serum metabolome, and health status. The Gallus gallus domesticus model and the oral administration approach were used with four treatment groups (basal diet, basal diet with 20 mg bacitracin/kg, basal diet with 50 mg BLF/kg, and basal diet with 250 mg BLF/kg). Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis indicated that vitexin, fumaric acid, orientin, isoorientin, and p-coumaric acid were the predominant BLF components. From days 1 to 21, BLF increased the average daily gain and decreased the feed:gain of broilers. Moreover, BLF enhanced the serum antioxidant capacity and immune responses. Further, 16S rRNA sequencing showed that BLF modulated the caecal microbial community structure, which was dominated by Betaproteobacteriales, Erysipelatoclostridium, Parasutterella, Lewinella, Lactobacillus, and Candidatus Stoquefichus in BLF broilers. Among the 22 identified serum metabolites in BLF broilers, sphinganine, indole-3-acetaldehyde retinol, choline, 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid, and L-phenylalanine were recognised as biomarkers. In summary, BLFs appeared to modulate the caecal microbiome, alter the serum metabolome, and indirectly improve antioxidant capacity and health status.

Dietary bamboo leaf flavonoids improve quality and microstructure of broiler meat by changing untargeted metabolome

“…Similar to our previous study, the bamboo (Dendrocalamus membranaceus) leaf avonoids were composed of 24.2% avonoids, 12.5% lactones, and 15.6% phenolic acids [22]. Moreover, the major compositions of BLFs are chlorogenic acid (21.33 mg/100 g), caffeic acid (1.85 mg/100 g), orientin (34.66 mg/100 g), isoorientin (34.66 mg/100 g), p-coumaric acid (26.69 mg/100 g), vitexin (148.42 mg/100 g), and fumalic acid (265.03 mg/100 g).…”

“…The present results were in accordance with the previous study [20], that is BLF supplementation improved the ADG of broilers from days 21 to 42. Our previous study also found that BLF pretreatment signi cantly enhances the ADG of birds from days 15 to 21 and 1 to 21 [22]. The components and palatability of BLFs could improve the antioxidant function and growth performance of broilers [24].…”

“…Studies have con rmed that two main groups of polyphenols, C-glycoside avonoids and phenolic acids, play a role in the biological activities of bamboo leaves [22,26]. Dietary supplementation with avonoids has a great potential in improving the nutritional, sensorial, and microbiological qualities of poultry meat [27].…”

“…The Agilent 6545 Q-TOF/MS system (Agilent Technologies Inc., CA, USA) and UHPLC system with an Agilent Zorbox Eclipse Plus C−18 Column (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.8 mm; Waters Corp., Milford, MA, USA) were used for metabolite detection in the samples. The negative ionization mode was used for further processing, and the MS conditions were consistent with those used in our previous study [22].…”

Dietary bamboo leaf flavonoids improve quality and microstructure of broiler meat by changing untargeted metabolome

“…Ages, d Similar to our previous study, the bamboo (Dendrocalamus membranaceus) leaf flavonoids were composed of 24.2% flavonoids, 12.5% lactones, and 15.6% phenolic acids [23], which were provided by Zhejiang Vegamax Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Anji, China) and directly added to the basal diet. Moreover, the major compositions of BLFs are chlorogenic acid (21.33 mg/100 g), caffeic acid (1.85 mg/100 g), orientin (34.66 mg/100 g), isoorientin (34.66 mg/100 g), p-coumaric acid (26.69 mg/100 g), vitexin (148.42 mg/100 g), and fumalic acid (265.03 mg/100 g).…”