Effects of Opioids on the Spontaneous Behavior of Animals

Cowan, Alan

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-77540-6_16

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 223 publications

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“…4G). Because acute administration of morphine is known to facilitate locomotor activity in rodents by inducing dopamine release in the brain (25), and because 5-HT acts through several 5-HT receptors to modulate dopamine release (26), the role of the central 5-HT system in morphine-induced locomotion was examined by recording the travel distance of wild-type and Lmx1b f/f/p mice after acute morphine injection. Morphine increased the travel distance of wild-type mice in a dose-dependent manner (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Central serotonergic neurons are differentially required for opioid analgesia but not for morphine tolerance or morphine reward

Zhao¹,

Gao²,

Sun³

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Opioids remain the most effective analgesics despite their potential adverse effects such as tolerance and addiction. Mechanisms underlying these opiate-mediated processes remain the subject of much debate. Here we describe opioid-induced behaviors of Lmx1b conditional knockout mice (Lmx1b f/f/p ), which lack central serotonergic neurons, and we report that opioid analgesia is differentially dependent on the central serotonergic system. Analgesia induced by a opioid receptor agonist administered at the supraspinal level was abolished in Lmx1b f/f/p mice compared with their wild-type littermates. Furthermore, compared with their wild-type littermates Lmx1b f/f/p mice exhibited significantly reduced analgesic effects of and ␦ opioid receptor agonists at both spinal and supraspinal sites. In contrast to the attenuation in opioid analgesia, Lmx1b f/f/p mice developed tolerance to morphine analgesia and displayed normal morphine reward behavior as measured by conditioned place preference. Our results provide genetic evidence supporting the view that the central serotonergic system is a key component of supraspinal pain modulatory circuitry mediating opioid analgesia. Furthermore, our data suggest that the mechanisms of morphine tolerance and morphine reward are independent of the central serotonergic system. serotonin ͉ pain ͉ conditioned place preference ͉ behavior ͉ mouse

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Central serotonergic neurons are differentially required for opioid analgesia but not for morphine tolerance or morphine reward

Zhao¹,

Gao²,

Sun³

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…This finding is opposite from the decreased activity reported for other mouse strains and rats with L-NAME and other NOS inhibitors summarized in the Introduction section. However, we note that CF-1 mice exhibit a decrease in activity 30 min after 7.5 mg/kg morphine sulfate ] instead of the hyperactivity seen in other mouse strains [Cowan, 1993]. The difference in activity responses are likely attributable to strain differences, effective-dose differences, or both.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Services to Operate and Maintain the Microwave Research Facility at Brooks Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas

Akyel¹

2001

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“…1975;La1 et al, 1975;Blasig et al, 1976) or serotonin values involved in wet dog shake activity (Kruszewska and Langwinsky, 1983;Bhargava. 1989, 1990;Cowan. 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In morphine and naloxone treated rats exhibiting wet dog shake behaviour attributed to serotoninergic mechanisms (Kruszewka and Langwinsky. 1983; Bhargava, 1989, 1990) or to the involvement of other transmitters (Cowan, 1993). clothiapine administration lowers the number of shakes presumably through a blockade of muscarinic receptors mediating serotonin metabolism and wet dog shakes (Turski et al, 1984).…”

Section: Wet Dog Shakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative opioid withdrawal signs in rats: effects exerted by clothiapine administration

Pinelli¹,

Trivulzio²,

Ciapponi³

1997

Fundamemntal Clinical Pharma

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An opioid withdrawal syndrome, which causes alteration of several physiological signs, was induced in rats by repeated morphine administration and final naloxone injection. The aim of this study was prevention of the altered physiological profiles by utilising clothiapine, which is capable of affecting fecal and urinary excretion, rectal temperature, pain threshold levels and salivatory behaviour. Morphine was administered in three daily intraperitoneal (ip) injections for 4 days at doses of 9, 16 and 25 mg/kg (d 1), 25, 25 and 50 mg/kg (d 2), 50, 50 and 50 mg/kg (d 3) and 50, 50 and 100 mg/kg (d 4). Naloxone was injected (30 mg/kg) ip 180 min after the last morphine injection. Clothiapine was administered orally 0.7, 2 and 6 mg/kg 2 hours before the naloxone administration. Signs such as fecal and urine excretion, rectal temperature and latency times to thermal stimulus salivation, jumping and wet dog shakes were affected in different ways by morphine, naloxone, clothiapine and combination of them. Notably the administration of clothiapine in rats receiving morphine and naloxone decreased the intensity of certain withdrawal symptoms, such as altered excretion of feces, temperature values, salivation, jumping and wet dog shakes behaviour, and elevated the nociceptive threshold values. The effects exhibited by clothiapine administration may be explained through its antimuscarinic, antiadrenergic and antidopaminergic activities interfering with the mechanisms involved in the regulation of these previously mentioned withdrawal symptoms. The use of this drug is thus suggested as a possible control of the acute phase of opioid withdrawal in heroin addicts.

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Effects of Opioids on the Spontaneous Behavior of Animals

Cited by 13 publications

References 223 publications

Central serotonergic neurons are differentially required for opioid analgesia but not for morphine tolerance or morphine reward

Central serotonergic neurons are differentially required for opioid analgesia but not for morphine tolerance or morphine reward

Services to Operate and Maintain the Microwave Research Facility at Brooks Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas

Quantitative opioid withdrawal signs in rats: effects exerted by clothiapine administration

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