Effects of Open-Skill Exercises on Cognition on Community Dwelling Older Adults: Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

(1) Cognitive function may benefit from physical exercise in older adults. However, controversy remains over which mode of exercise is more beneficial. (2) The aim of the proposed study is to investigate the effect of open-skill exercise training on cognitive function in community dwelling older adults compared with closed-skill exercise, cognitive training, and active control. (3) One hundred and sixty participants, aged between 60 and 80 years old, will be recruited from community senior centers in Yangzhou, China and randomly assigned to one of four groups: open-skill exercise group, closed-skill exercise group, mobile game playing group, and active control group. All participants will join a 24-week program involving 50 min sessions three times a week. The primary outcome measure is visuospatial working memory. Secondary measures include subjective memory complaint, attention network, nonverbal reasoning ability, and physical activities. All participants will be measured before, mid-way, and immediately after intervention, and three months later. (4) If successful, this study is expected to provide evidence-based recommendations for older adults to select the most efficient and effective mode of exercise to improve cognitive function. Importantly, the three intervention groups provide an opportunity to separate the cognitive activity component from the physical activity component. Comparison of these components is expected to help elucidate possible mechanisms contributing to the additional cognitive benefit of open-skill exercises.

Construction of Selection and Evaluation Algorithm for High-Level Tennis Students in Colleges and Universities Based on Random Matrix Model

“…ere are many researches on the development of higher education, such as the analysis of the correlation between higher education and regional economic development, the study of the di erence in foreign higher education, the analysis and research of the allocation of higher education resources in various regions, the comparison of the relative cost of higher education, and the decision-making of education investment [5][6][7]. One aspect of the connotation of the balanced development of higher education is that higher education institutions and educated persons allocate higher education resources in a relatively balanced manner in higher education, so as to achieve a relative balance between higher education demand and satisfaction, and nally implement it in the government and higher education.…”