Effects of ontogeny and soil nutrient supply on production, allocation, and leaf area efficiency in loblolly and slash pine stands

Jokela, Eric J.; Martin, Timothy A.

doi:10.1139/cjfr-30-10-1511

Cited by 45 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…From age seven onward, RUE averaged 0.24 6 0.02 g C/MJ. Similar patterns of NPP have been reported for other pine plantations in the southeastern United States (Swindel et al 1988, Colbert et al 1990, Jokela and Martin 2000, Adegbidi et al 2002, Burkes et al 2003, Samuelson et al 2004. In the more intensive management cases, stands reached an average maximum of 10.92 Mg CÁha À1 Áyr À1 between the ages of 6-9 years.…”

Section: Interannual Variability After Canopy Closuresupporting

confidence: 73%

Controls on carbon dynamics by ecosystem structure and climate for southeastern U.S. slash pine plantations

Bracho

Starr

Gholz

et al. 2012

Ecological Monographs

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Planted pine forests (plantations) in the southeastern United States are an important component of the continent's carbon balance. Forest carbon dynamics are affected by a range of factors including climatic variability. Multiyear droughts have affected the region in the past, and an increase in the frequency of drought events has been predicted. How this increased climatic variability will affect the capacity of the region's pine plantations to sequester carbon is not known. We used eddy covariance and biometric approaches to measure carbon dynamics over nine years in two slash pine plantations (Pinus elliottii var elliottii Englm) in north Florida, consisting of a newly planted and a mid-rotation stand. During this time, the region experienced two multiyear droughts (1999-2002 and 2006-2008), separated by a three-year wet period. Net ecosystem carbon accumulation measured using both approaches showed the same trends and magnitudes during plantation development. The newly planted site released 15.6 Mg C/ha during the first three years after planting, before becoming a carbon sink in year 4. Increases in carbon uptake during the early stages of stand development were driven by the aggrading leaf area index (LAI). After canopy closure, both sites were continuous carbon sinks with net carbon uptake (NEE) fluctuating between 4 and ;8 Mg CÁha À1 Áyr À1 , depending on environmental conditions. Drought reduced NEE by ;25% through its negative effects on both LAI and radiation-use efficiency, which resulted in a larger impact on gross ecosystem carbon exchange than on ecosystem respiration. While results indicate that responses to drought involved complex interactions among water availability, LAI, and radiation-use efficiency, these ecosystems remain carbon sinks under current management strategies and climatic variability. Variation within locations is primarily due to major disturbances, such as logging in the current study and, to a much lesser extent, local environmental fluctuations. When data from this study are compared to flux data from a broad range of forests worldwide, these ecosystems fill a data gap in the warm-temperate zone and support a broad maximum NEE (for closed-canopy forests) between 88C and 208C mean annual temperature.

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Section: Interannual Variability After Canopy Closuresupporting

confidence: 73%

Controls on carbon dynamics by ecosystem structure and climate for southeastern U.S. slash pine plantations

Bracho

Starr

Gholz

et al. 2012

Ecological Monographs

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“…Foliar nitrogen concentration measured seven times during 1999 and 2000 on two foliage cohorts of Pinus taeda for stands growing at a Piedmont (BF Grant) and Coastal Plain (Waycross) location in southeast Georgia, U.S.A. This correlation between leaf area or leaf biomass and stem growth is a universal finding for loblolly pine (Zutter et al 1986;Vose and Allen 1988;Britt et al 1990;Colbert et al 1990;Green et al 1991;Albaugh et al 1998;Jokela and Martin 2000;Samuelson et al 2000). Each point represents the average value of six plots (three stand ages × two sites).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effects of competition control and annual nitrogen fertilization on gas exchange of different-aged Pinus taeda

Munger¹,

Will²,

Borders³

2003

Can. J. For. Res.

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To determine the importance of competition control and annual fertilization on leaf gas exchange, lightsaturated net photosynthesis (A sat ), stomatal conductance (g s ), and internal CO 2 concentration (C i ) were measured multiple times in different-aged loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands growing at a Piedmont (BF Grant) and Coastal Plain (Waycross) location in Georgia, U.S.A. At both locations, competition control decreased A sat and g s (A sat from 4.53 to 4.12 µmol·m -2 ·s -1 , g s from 0.058 to 0.050 mol·m -2 ·s -1 at BF Grant; A sat from 4.22 to 4.01 µmol·m -2 ·s -1 , g s from 0.054 to 0.049 mol·m -2 ·s -1 at Waycross). Overall, fertilization did not have a positive impact on A sat , even though fertilization significantly increased foliar nitrogen concentration. At BF Grant, fertilization significantly decreased g s from 0.057 to 0.051 mol·m -2 ·s -1 and C i from 217 to 205 µmol·mol -1 . In addition, the decrease in C i associated with fertilization became larger with stand age. At Waycross, fertilization decreased C i from 211 to 203 µmol·mol -1 and the interaction between fertilization and stand age was significant for g s and C i . These results indicate that silivcultural practices that increase resource availability and stand growth did not enhance leaf gas exchange. Résumé :Pour déterminer l'importance du contrôle de la compétition et de la fertilisation annuelle sur les échanges gazeux du feuillage, la photosynthèse nette en condition de lumière saturée (A sat ), la conductance stomatale (g s ) et la concentration interne en CO 2 (C i ) ont été mesurées plusieurs fois dans des peuplements de pin à encens (Pinus taeda L.) d'âges différents croissant dans le Piedmont (BF Grant) et la Plaine côtière (Waycross) en Géorgie, aux États-Unis. Aux deux endroits, le contrôle de la compétition a diminué A sat et g s (A sat de 4,53 à 4,12 µmol·m -2 ·s -1 , g s de 0,058 à 0,050 µmol·m -2 ·s -1 à BF Grant; A sat de 4,22 à 4,01 µmol·m -2 ·s -1 , g s de 0,054 à 0,049 µmol·m -2 ·s -1 à Waycross). Dans l'ensemble, la fertilisation n'a pas eu d'impact positif sur A sat , même si elle a significativement accrue la concentration en azote du feuillage. À BF Grant, la fertilisation a significativement réduit g s de 0,057 à 0,051 µmol·m -2 ·s -1 et C i de 217 à 205 µmol·mol -1 . De plus, la diminution de C i associée à la fertilisation a augmenté avec l'âge du peuplement. À Waycross, la fertilisation a diminué C i de 211 à 203 µmol·mol -1 et l'interaction entre la fertilisation et l'âge du peuplement était significative pour g s et C i . Ces résultats indiquent que les pratiques sylvicoles qui accroissent la disponibilité de la ressource et la croissance du peuplement n'améliorent pas les échanges gazeux du feuillage.[Traduit par la Rédaction] 1083Munger et al.

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“…After the forest has reached maturity NPP is scaled down from peak levels to mimic observed declines in NPP in mature forests [e.g., Gower et al , 1997]. Allocation of NPP to wood is prescribed to increase with time after disturbance since initially most NPP is allocated to herbaceous growth with more going to wood as the stand ages [e.g., Law et al , 2002; Jokela and Martin , 2000]. The disturbance event causes the living biomass pools (leaves, roots, wood) to dramatically decrease (depending on the type and level of disturbance).…”

Section: Analysis Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating forest carbon fluxes in a disturbed southeastern landscape: Integration of remote sensing, forest inventory, and biogeochemical modeling

Masek

Collatz

2006

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Quantifying carbon fluxes between the atmosphere and land surface requires detailed knowledge of the disturbance regime as well as the photosynthetic response of vegetation to climate. In this study, we use a combination of satellite remote sensing, forest inventory data, and biogeochemical modeling to assess forest carbon fluxes from central Virginia, a landscape pervasively disturbed by harvest. Using historical Landsat imagery, we have reconstructed the disturbance history and age structure of forest stands at a resolution of 90 m, from 1973-1999. Forest inventory data provide breakdowns of forest type and age structure for older stands. These data, together with climate and vegetation greenness from advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR), are used as inputs to a version of the Carnegie-Stanford-Ames (CASA) biogeochemical model, which simulates the uptake, allocation, and respiration of carbon and associated effects of disturbance. Modeling results indicate that forests in the study region have an average net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of $80 gC m À2 yr À1 , reflecting the young age structure of rapid-rotation forests. Variability in annual forest carbon fluxes due to variations in clearing rate and climate are also examined. We find that observed variations in clearing rate may account for NEP variability of $30 gC m À2 yr À1 , while observed variations in climate may account for NEP variability of 80-130 gC m À2 yr À1 . Increased temperatures tend to drive both increased photosynthesis and increased heterotrophic respiration, buffering the system from larger swings in NEP. However, this response depends strongly on stand age.Citation: Masek, J. G., and G. J. Collatz (2006), Estimating forest carbon fluxes in a disturbed southeastern landscape: Integration of remote sensing, forest inventory, and biogeochemical modeling,

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Effects of ontogeny and soil nutrient supply on production, allocation, and leaf area efficiency in loblolly and slash pine stands

Cited by 45 publications

References 53 publications

Controls on carbon dynamics by ecosystem structure and climate for southeastern U.S. slash pine plantations

Controls on carbon dynamics by ecosystem structure and climate for southeastern U.S. slash pine plantations

Effects of competition control and annual nitrogen fertilization on gas exchange of different-aged Pinus taeda

Estimating forest carbon fluxes in a disturbed southeastern landscape: Integration of remote sensing, forest inventory, and biogeochemical modeling

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