Effects of olfactory bulbectomy and domicile on stress-induced corticosterone release in the rat

Cairncross, K.D.; Wren, A.; Cox, B.; Schnieden, H.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(77)90222-0

Cited by 85 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, it is noteworthy that olfactory bulbectomy is associated with altered HPA axis activity. For instance, Cairncross and coworkers [44] reported that bulbectomy results in an elevation of both basal and stress-induced plasma corticosterone concentrations. Yet many other studies, including the present one, have failed to confirm that OB rats hypersecrete corticosterone under basal daytime conditions [29,45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Bulbectomy Provokes a Suppression of Interleukin-1β and Tumour Necrosis Factor-α Production in Response to an in vivo Challenge with Lipopolysaccharide: Effect of Chronic Desipramine Treatment

Connor

Harkin²,

Kelly³

et al. 1999

Neuroimmunomodulation

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The olfactory bulbectomized (OB) rat has been developed as an animal model of depression and exhibits several behavioural and neurochemical characteristics that are qualitatively similar to those found in clinically depressed patients. In addition to the behavioural and neurochemical abnormalities seen in OB rats, it has been reported that these animals have alterations in a number ex vivo measures of immune function many of which are reversed following chronic antidepressant treatment. In the present study we sought to examine the effects of olfactory bulbectomy on responsiveness to an in vivo immune challenge with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 μg/kg, i.p.). In addition, the effect of chronic treatment with the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine (7.5 mg/kg, i.p.) on bulbectomy related behavioural changes, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and immune responsiveness was evaluated. To our knowledge this is the first time that in vivo immunological responsiveness has been examined in the OB rat model of depression. OB rats exhibited a characteristic hyperactive response in a novel ‘open field’ environment, which was attenuated following chronic desipramine treatment. LPS provoked a large increase in circulating interleukin (IL)-1β and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α in vehicle treated sham operated animals. Vehicle treated OB rats displayed a significant impairment in LPS-induced IL-1β (54%) and TNF-α (70%) secretion compared to their sham operated controls, an effect that was potentiated following chronic desipramine treatment. Furthermore, sham animals that were chronically treated with desipramine displayed decreases in LPS-provoked IL-1β (51%) and TNF-α (49%) secretion compared to vehicle treated counterparts. In addition, LPS-induced alterations in corticosterone and adrenal ascorbic acid concentrations were also attenuated by bulbectomy, an effect that was further enhanced following chronic desipramine treatment. In conclusion, these data provide evidence that olfactory bulbectomy in the rat impairs the ability of macrophages to produce the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α following an in vivo challenge with bacterial LPS. Whilst chronic treatment with desipramine normalized the behavioural hyperactivity observed in OB rats, such treatment further impaired LPS-induced IL-1β and TNF-α secretion in bulbectomized rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Bulbectomy Provokes a Suppression of Interleukin-1β and Tumour Necrosis Factor-α Production in Response to an in vivo Challenge with Lipopolysaccharide: Effect of Chronic Desipramine Treatment

Connor

Harkin²,

Kelly³

et al. 1999

Neuroimmunomodulation

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“…80 This enhanced glutamate release in the striatum of OBX rats after novelty stress could be related to elevation of plasma corticosterone by OB, because it has been shown that corticosterone affects stress-induced glutamate levels in the brain 81 and significantly higher basal plasma corticosterone levels are found in OBX rats when compared to the sham-operated controls. 82 It has been reported that the mGluR5 antagonists, 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine (MPEP) and 3-[(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl]-pyridine (MTEP), exhibit antidepressant activity in the OBX rats. 83,84 Riluzole, a drug currently used for slowing the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), reduced the hyperemotional responses in OBX rats and significantly lowered the glutamate levels in the frontal cortex after a single injection.…”

Section: Glutamate System Alteration In Obx Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurochemical and Behavioural Changes in Rat Models of Depression

Skelin¹,

Kovačević²,

Dikšić³

2011

Croat. Chem. Acta

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Abstract. Depression is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders with significant lifetime prevalence. The study of human depression is hindered by the relatively significant heterogeneity of this disorder. As a result of these heterogeneities, studies using a sound and representative animal model of depression are extremely valuable and, in general, provide important information regarding the neurochemical/biological changes occurring during depression and the subsequent treatment of its symptoms. In this review we concentrate on two solid rat models of depression: olfactory bulbectomized (OBX) rats and Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) of rats. These two models were selected because they possess all three characteristics of a good animal model; face, predictive and constructive validities. We also emphasize the brain serotonergic system and we discuss the open field and forced swim test to assess behaviour. (doi: 10.5562/cca1817) Keywords: depression, olfactory bulbectomized rat model of depression, Flinders sensitive line rat, Flinders Resistant line rat, animal model of depression

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“…OBx is reported to have variable effects on the regulation of the HPA axis, ranging from substantial increases in basal and stress-induced glucocorticoid production (Cairncross et al, 1977; Cattarelli and Demael, 1986; Kelly et al, 1997; Marcilhac et al, 1999) to no effects (Montilla et al, 1984; Pistovcakova et al, 2008; Williams et al, 1992). Conflicting results have also been reported on the effects of long and short days on circulating cortisol concentrations in Siberian hamsters (Bilbo and Nelson, 2003; Weil et al, 2007; Yellon, 2007; Zysling and Demas, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In rats, OBx increases tonic synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines in limbic (hippocampus, hypothalamus) and prefrontal regions (Myint et al, 2007), and in the circulation (Connor et al, 2000); however, relative to neurologically-intact animals, bulbectomized rats exhibit lower levels of peripheral cytokine production in response to a simulated infection (accomplished via peripheral treatment with lipopolysaccharide [LPS], the immunogenic component of gram-negative bacteria; Breivik et al, 2006; Connor et al, 2000). OBx-induced changes in cytokine production in response to LPS may be mediated directly or may occur secondary to OBx-induced increases in corticosterone production (Cairncross et al, 1977; Goujon et al, 1996; Song and Leonard, 1995). Proinflammatory cytokine production is necessary and sufficient for behavioral symptoms of infection to manifest (Dantzer, 2004), nevertheless, the consequences of OBx-induced changes in cytokine production on behavioral responses to infection have not been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the olfactory bulbs on blood leukocytes and behavioral responses to infection in Siberian hamsters

et al. 2009

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Surgical removal of the olfactory bulb alters several aspects of immunological activity. This study investigated the role of the olfactory bulbs in the control of behavioral responses to simulated infection, and the environmental modulation of sickness behaviors by changes in day length. Adult male Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) were subjected to bilateral olfactory bulbectomy (OBx) or a sham surgical procedure, and were then exposed to long (15 h light/day; LD) or short (9 h light/day; SD) photoperiods for 8–12 weeks, after which circulating leukocytes and behavioral responses (anorexia, anhedonia, cachexia) to simulated gram-negative bacterial infections (i.p. lipopolysaccharide [LPS] treatment; 0.625 mg/kg) were quantified. OBx treatment altered the effects of photoperiod on immune function in a trait-specific manner. LPS-induced anorexia was exacerbated in SD-OBx hamsters; LPS-induced anhedonia was exacerbated in LD-OBx hamsters; and photoperiodic differences in circulating leukocytes and LPS-induced cachexia were eliminated by OBx. Plasma cortisol concentrations did not differ between LD and SD hamsters, irrespective of olfactory bulb integrity. The data indicate that photoperiod affects immune function via OB-dependent and -independent mechanisms, and that changes in cortisol production are not required for photoperiodic changes in sickness behaviors to manifest.

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Effects of olfactory bulbectomy and domicile on stress-induced corticosterone release in the rat

Cited by 85 publications

References 11 publications

Olfactory Bulbectomy Provokes a Suppression of Interleukin-1β and Tumour Necrosis Factor-α Production in Response to an in vivo Challenge with Lipopolysaccharide: Effect of Chronic Desipramine Treatment

Olfactory Bulbectomy Provokes a Suppression of Interleukin-1β and Tumour Necrosis Factor-α Production in Response to an in vivo Challenge with Lipopolysaccharide: Effect of Chronic Desipramine Treatment

Neurochemical and Behavioural Changes in Rat Models of Depression

Influence of the olfactory bulbs on blood leukocytes and behavioral responses to infection in Siberian hamsters

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