Effects of odors on pain perception: deciphering the roles of emotion and attention

Villemure, Chantal; Slotnick, Burton M.; Bushnell, M. Catherine

doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(03)00297-5

Cited by 295 publications

(270 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Second, we found no effects of distraction on pain affect. This is not consistent with previous studies that have demonstrated effects on both pain affect and intensity [41,42,51], but is similar to studies which have shown that the manipulation of attention clearly alters pain intensity, but influences pain affect to a far lesser degree [29,30,61]. It is possible that our pain affect measure was less sensitive and therefore not reached significance.…”

contrasting

confidence: 68%

“…Such an explanation is however unlikely. Positive affect mainly alters pain affect, not pain intensity [61], and we observed the reverse. Finally, the differential effects of motivation on distraction effectiveness for high and low catastrophizers are interesting, but further research is necessary to replicate our findings.…”

mentioning

confidence: 40%

“…Previous studies have shown that positive affect can diminish pain [10,41,61]. Such an explanation is however unlikely.…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

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The role of motivation in distracting attention away from pain: An experimental study

Verhoeven

Crombez

Eccleston

et al. 2010

Pain

123

128

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Research on the effectiveness of distraction as a method of pain control is inconclusive. One mechanism pertains to the motivational relevance of distraction tasks. In this study the motivation to engage in a distraction task during pain was experimentally manipulated. Undergraduate students (N=73) participated in a cold pressor test (CPT) and were randomly assigned to three groups: a distraction-only group performed a tone-detection task during ther CPT, a motivated-distraction group performed the same task and received a monetary reward for good task performance, and a control group did not perform the tone-detection task. Results indicated that engagement in the distraction task was better in the motivated-distraction group in comparison with the distraction-only group. Participants in both distraction groups experienced less pain compared to the control group. There were no overall differences in pain intensity between the two distraction groups. The effect of distraction was influenced by the level of catastrophic thinking about pain. For low catastrophizers, both distraction groups reported less pain as compared to the nondistracted control group. This was not the case for high catastrophizers. For high catastrophizers it mattered whether the distraction task was motivationally relevant:High catastrophizers reported less intense pain in the motivated distraction group, as compared to the non-distracted control group. We conclude that increasing the motivational relevance of the distraction task may increase the effects of distraction, especially for those who catastrophize about pain.

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confidence: 68%

mentioning

confidence: 40%

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The role of motivation in distracting attention away from pain: An experimental study

Verhoeven

Crombez

Eccleston

et al. 2010

Pain

123

128

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Attention can also modulate pain (Bantick et al 2002) and exacerbation of pain by anxiety is associated with activity in the hippocampal network (Ploghaus et al 2001). Thus, cognitive and emotional factors can affect unpleasantness (or pain distress) without changing the intensity of pain (Villemure and Bushnell 2002;Villemure et al 2003). The ACC, along with the periaqueductal grey (PAG), amygdala, and anterior insula, plays a key role in how mood and pain modulate one another (Weich and Tracey 2009).…”

Section: Biological Mechanisms Of Physical Pain Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invited Commentary: Understanding Brain Mechanisms of Pain Processing in Adolescents’ Non-Suicidal Self-Injury

Ballard

Bosk

Pao

2009

J Youth Adolescence

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Whereas non-suicidal self injury (NSSI) is reported in 13-23% of adolescents and is an increasingly studied topic, there has been little investigation into the pathophysiology behind self-injury. This commentary examines recent research into pain and emotional distress to discuss implications for the manner we should understand, research, and treat NSSI in the future. Research indicates that adolescents may be particularly vulnerable to NSSI behaviors due to neurodevelopmental changes in the processing of distress and pain. Additionally, emotional distress and physical pain neural pathways may have been altered in these individuals, leading to the development of NSSI behaviors during adolescence when changes in ongoing brain development may lead to further emotional dysregulation and poor impulse control. Further studies that directly characterize the relationship between emotional distress and physical pain in adolescence, as well as the neural differences between self-injurers and non-selfinjurers, are needed.

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“…To induce emotions, pictures (Junghofer et al, 2006), films (Weisenberg et al, 1998), odours (Villemure et al, 2003), music (Robazza et al, 1994;Koelsch et al, 2006), mental imagery (Holmes and Mathews, 2005) and respiration (Philippot et al, 2002), hypnosis (Rainville et al, 2005) and games have been used. During games a strong identification with the played role identity occurs (de Quervain et al, 2004;Singer et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in self-perceived role identity modulate pain perception

Kut

Schaffner

Wittwer

et al. 2007

Pain

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Pain is an experience including physiological and psychological factors. We assume that emotions may be elicited and increased through self-perceived role identity and that change of role identity alters quality and intensity of pain perception. We used role-play strategies to assess whether pain can be better tolerated whenever, in an unavoidable and unpleasant context, role identity confers pain a meaningful and thus suitable character. We induced antithetic roles in 21 actors who received heat stimuli on their arms before and after role-play conditions. Pain tolerance, skin conductance and voice signals were measured. Pain tolerance increased for heroes/heroines and decreased for faint-hearts. Men showed higher pain tolerance. Heroes/heroines evaluated heat stimuli as more intense. Faint-hearts found pain stimuli more affectively loaded at lower temperatures. Women showed higher pain ratings. Hence, self-perception influences pain perception. Role-play strategies may be of value for new pain management strategies. AbstractPain is an experience including physiological and psychological factors. We assume that emotions may be elicited and increased through self-perceived role identity and that change of role identity alters quality and intensity of pain perception. We used role-play strategies to assess whether pain can be better tolerated whenever, in an unavoidable and unpleasant context, role identity confers pain a meaningful and thus suitable character. We induced antithetic roles in 21 actors who received heat stimuli on their arms before and after role-play conditions. Pain tolerance, skin conductance and voice signals were measured. Pain tolerance increased for heroes/heroines and decreased for faint-hearts. Men showed higher pain tolerance. Heroes/heroines evaluated heat stimuli as more intense. Faint-hearts found pain stimuli more affectively loaded at lower temperatures. Women showed higher pain ratings. Hence, self-perception influences pain perception. Role-play strategies may be of value for new pain management strategies. Ó

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Effects of odors on pain perception: deciphering the roles of emotion and attention

Cited by 295 publications

References 43 publications

The role of motivation in distracting attention away from pain: An experimental study

The role of motivation in distracting attention away from pain: An experimental study

Invited Commentary: Understanding Brain Mechanisms of Pain Processing in Adolescents’ Non-Suicidal Self-Injury

Changes in self-perceived role identity modulate pain perception

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