Effects of obesity on hippocampus function: Synaptic plasticity hypothesis

Al-Dalaeen, Anfal; Ahram, Mamoun; Al-Domi, Hayder

doi:10.1016/j.obmed.2020.100246

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…The inverse association between positive urgency (or tendency to act rashly under extreme positive emotions based on UPPS-P impulsive behavioral scale) and amygdala volume has also been shown in individuals with food addiction [122,123]. Furthermore, obesity influences multiple aspects of brain plasticity, including neurodevelopment, neurotrophins, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and ultimately activity at the brain network level [124]. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has found that high-calorie food cues activate brain reward regions including the amygdala and this increase activity was associated with abdominal fat and increased appetite in Hispanic women [125].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Heterogeneity of Obesity and the Relationship to the Brain-Gut Axis

et al. 2020

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Obesity is best understood as a multifactorial metabolic imbalances disorder. In a cross-sectional study, we aimed to explore sociodemographic and dietary determinants of obesity in relation to brain-gut homeostasis among overweight and obese individuals. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine obesity and its association with sociodemographic and dietary factors. Biological variables examined included the gut microbiome, fecal amino acid metabolites and brain structural volumes. Among 130 participants, there were higher odds of obesity if individuals were Hispanic (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.56, p = 0.014). Compared to non-Hispanics, Hispanics differed in gut microbial composition (p = 0.046) with lower microbial species richness (Chao1) (p = 0.032) and evenness (Shannon) (p = 0.0029). Fourteen of the twenty fecal amino acids including branch-chain- and aromatic- amino acids were increased among Hispanics (q < 0.05). Brain structural volumes in reward regions were decreased in Hispanics (pallidum, q = 0.036; brainstem, q = 0.011). Correlation patterns suggest complex brain-gut interactions differ by Hispanic ethnicity. In conclusion, Hispanics expressed a unique brain-gut microbial signature, which was associated with obesity despite sociodemographic and dietary differences. Addressing ethnic disparities guided by biologic phenotypes may unlock novel understanding of obesity heterogeneity and treatment strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Heterogeneity of Obesity and the Relationship to the Brain-Gut Axis

et al. 2020

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“…Decreased fimbria-fornix microstructural integrity in female children with overweight/obesity reflects reduced axonal/dendritic density and less efficient neural processing between the hippocampus and other brain regions in this population. From previous animal and adult human studies, a high vulnerability of the fimbria-fornix to overweight/obesity and its vascular/inflammatory cascades has been reported [ 8 – 11 ], suggesting a directional effect of microstructural integrity as a consequence of weight gain. It has also been demonstrated that reduced integrity of this brain region can increase food intake and subsequent weight gain in animal models [ 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overweight/Obesity-related microstructural alterations of the fimbria-fornix in the ABCD study: The role of aerobic physical activity

McGlade

Huber

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Childhood overweight/obesity has been associated with negative consequences related to brain function and may involve alterations in white matter pathways important for cognitive and emotional processing. Aerobic physical activity is a promising lifestyle factor that could restore white matter alterations. However, little is known about either regional white matter alterations in children with overweight/obesity or the effects of aerobic physical activity targeting the obesity-related brain alterations in children. Using a large-scale cross-sectional population-based dataset of US children aged 9 to 10 years (n = 8019), this study explored the associations between overweight/obesity and microstructure of limbic white matter tracts, and examined whether aerobic physical activity may reduce the overweight/obesity-related white matter alterations in children. The primary outcome measure was restriction spectrum imaging (RSI)-derived white matter microstructural integrity measures. The number of days in a week that children engaged in aerobic physical activity for at least 60 minutes per day was assessed. We found that females with overweight/obesity had lower measures of integrity of the fimbria-fornix, a major limbic-hippocampal white matter tract, than their lean peers, while this difference was not significant in males. We also found a positive relationship between the number of days of aerobic physical activity completed in a week and integrity measures of the fimbria-fornix in females with overweight/obesity. Our results provide cross-sectional evidence of sex-specific microstructural alteration in the fimbria-fornix in children with overweight/obesity and suggest that aerobic physical activity may play a role in reducing this alteration. Future work should examine the causal direction of the relationship between childhood overweight/obesity and brain alterations and evaluate potential interventions to validate the effects of aerobic physical activity on this relationship.

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“…Multiple brain functions may be influenced by dietary nutrients which regulate synaptic transmission, neurotransmitter pathways, signal-transduction pathways, and membrane fluidity (Bayrami et al 2020). Recent findings showed that nutrients could alter synaptic plasticity-related brain circuits (Anfal et al 2020).…”

Section: Nutrients and Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of unconventional Ω-3 sources on cognitive development: A nexus to explore for future brains

Nazir

Zahid

2023

FSAB

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A diet opulent in unsaturated fatty acids can influence children's brain health. The purpose of the current review was to evaluate the effect of Ω-3 rich food on children's cognition and brain development. The incidence of dementia in Pakistan and the world is escalating. Therefore, it is necessary to improve children's brain development. For a long time, it has been known that the comparative quantity of certain dietary nutrients is required for cognition and emotional functions in humans. It has been described that the stimulus of nutritional factors on synaptic plasticity and neuronal function has discovered a few of the key mechanisms which are accountable for the act of nutrients on mental function and health. Different gut hormones produced in the brain or that can move into the brain affect cognitive performance. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor acts as metabolic modulators and influences food intake in human. Flax seed, chia seed, and walnut are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, which directly impact brain development and cognition. Diet influences cognition, due to which manipulation in diet can improve memory and enhance the neurons' resistance against memory loss.

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Effects of obesity on hippocampus function: Synaptic plasticity hypothesis

Cited by 7 publications

References 80 publications

Understanding the Heterogeneity of Obesity and the Relationship to the Brain-Gut Axis

Understanding the Heterogeneity of Obesity and the Relationship to the Brain-Gut Axis

Overweight/Obesity-related microstructural alterations of the fimbria-fornix in the ABCD study: The role of aerobic physical activity

Impact of unconventional Ω-3 sources on cognitive development: A nexus to explore for future brains

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