Effects of obesity on cholesterol metabolism and its implications for healthy ageing

Auley, Mark T. Mc

doi:10.1017/s0954422419000258

Cited by 35 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 209 publications

(206 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies have shown a clear association between an increased body weight, obesity, and a higher synthesis of cholesterol [28]. Additionally, in the present study, the concentration of liver cholesterol was considerably increased in the obese rats, clearly showing that hemp seed oil and, to a lesser extent, poppy seed oil, lowered the concentration of liver cholesterol.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Comparative Effects of Dietary Hemp and Poppy Seed Oil on Lipid Metabolism and the Antioxidant Status in Lean and Obese Zucker Rats

et al. 2020

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The objective of this study was to compare the effects of the dietary inclusion of hemp seed oil (HO) and poppy seed oil (PO) on the lipid metabolism and antioxidant status of lean and genetically obese Zucker rats. The rats were fed a control diet for laboratory rodents or a modification with HO or PO. Both oils reduced body and epididymal fat and liver cholesterol levels and promoted oxidative stress in the liver of obese rats. The HO reduced plasma triglycerides and had a stronger liver cholesterol-lowering effect in obese rats than PO. In the lean rats, HO and PO had no effects on the body fat content, plasma lipid profile, or lipid metabolism in the liver. HO considerably elevated the content of α-linolenic acid in the liver and increased the liver ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in the lean rats. In conclusion, the regular consumption of both oils increases the accumulation of essential fatty acids in the liver of healthy animals, whilst not having any adverse effects on the body, whereas in genetically obese rats, the effects of both dietary oils on the lipid metabolism and antioxidant status are unequivocal and only partially beneficial.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Comparative Effects of Dietary Hemp and Poppy Seed Oil on Lipid Metabolism and the Antioxidant Status in Lean and Obese Zucker Rats

et al. 2020

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“…Because statins do not have a posthepatic circulation of very high concentrations, it is unlikely that they have systemic effects on tissues/tumors, making their own cholesterol/27-HC. In addition to de novo biosynthesis, intracellular cholesterol is also supplemented from the diet, particularly in patients with obesity ( 35 ). Therefore, blocking de novo cholesterol biosynthesis alone is unlikely sufficient to reduce 27-HC in the cell.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZMYND8 is a master regulator of 27-hydroxycholesterol that promotes tumorigenicity of breast cancer stem cells

et al. 2022

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27-Hydroxycholesterol (27-HC) is the most abundant oxysterol that increases the risk of breast cancer progression. However, little is known about epigenetic regulation of 27-HC metabolism and its role in breast tumor initiation. Using genetic mouse mammary tumor and human breast cancer models, we showed here that the histone reader ZMYND8 was selectively expressed in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) and promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), BCSC maintenance and self-renewal, and oncogenic transformation through its epigenetic functions, leading to breast tumor initiation. Mechanistically, ZMYND8 was a master transcriptional regulator of 27-HC metabolism. It increased cholesterol biosynthesis and oxidation but blocked cholesterol efflux and 27-HC catabolism, leading to accumulation of 27-HC in BCSCs. Consequently, 27-HC promoted EMT, oncogenic transformation, and tumor initiation through activation of liver X receptor. These findings reveal that ZMYND8 is an epigenetic booster that drives breast tumor initiation through metabolic reprogramming.

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“…We did not find any differences in lipids including NEFA, LDL, HDL, TG, except TC among groups at 8 weeks postpartum, which agreed with the previous studies 19 , 25 . However, TC levels were significantly higher in the HFHS/OP than the CON suggesting that obesity status may influence cholesterol metabolism 26 , 27 . Further, we did not find any differences in resistin and leptin at 8 weeks postpartum, which are typically altered with obesity and T2DM 19 , 28 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Obesity, not a high fat, high sucrose diet alone, induced glucose intolerance and cardiac dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum

Chung

Gonzalez

Ullevig

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Obesity is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Nearly 60% of women of reproductive age are considered overweight or obese, cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality continue to be pervasive. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of an obesogenic diet on the cardiometabolic health of dams during pregnancy and postpartum. Female mice were fed either a high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFHS) or a refined control diet (CON) for 8 weeks before initiation of pregnancy and throughout the study period. Mice in the HFHS showed two distinct phenotypes, obesity-prone (HFHS/OP) and obesity resistance (HFHS/OR). Pre-pregnancy obesity (HFHS/OP) induced glucose intolerance before pregnancy and during postpartum. Systolic function indicated by the percent fractional shortening (%FS) was significantly decreased in the HFHS/OP at late pregnancy (vs. HFHS/OR) and weaning (vs. CON), but no differences were found at 6 weeks of postpartum among groups. No induction of pathological cardiac hypertrophy markers was found during postpartum. Plasma adiponectin was decreased while total cholesterol was increased in the HFHS/OP. Our results suggested that obesity, not the diet alone, negatively affected cardiac adaptation during pregnancy and postpartum.

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Effects of obesity on cholesterol metabolism and its implications for healthy ageing

Cited by 35 publications

References 209 publications

Comparative Effects of Dietary Hemp and Poppy Seed Oil on Lipid Metabolism and the Antioxidant Status in Lean and Obese Zucker Rats

Comparative Effects of Dietary Hemp and Poppy Seed Oil on Lipid Metabolism and the Antioxidant Status in Lean and Obese Zucker Rats

ZMYND8 is a master regulator of 27-hydroxycholesterol that promotes tumorigenicity of breast cancer stem cells

Obesity, not a high fat, high sucrose diet alone, induced glucose intolerance and cardiac dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum

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