Effects of Obesity on Adiponectin System Skin Expression in Dogs: A Comparative Study

Abstract

Obesity is an important health issue in dogs since it influences a plethora of associated pathologies, including dermatological disorders. Considering the scarcity of information in pets, this work aimed to evaluate the localization and expression of adiponectin (ADIPOQ) and its two receptors (ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2) in the skin of 10 obese dogs, compared with serum ADIPOQ level. Through immunohistochemistry, ADIPOQ and ADIPOR2 were observed in the adipose tissue, sweat and sebaceous glands, endothelium, and some connective cells. Both receptors were observed in the epidermis and the hair follicles, other than in the sweat and sebaceous glands. Real-time PCR evidenced that the ADIPOQ and ADIPOR2 transcripts were expressed 5.4-fold (p < 0.01) and 2.3-fold less (p < 0.01), respectively, in obese than in normal weight dogs, while ADIPOR1 expression did not change. Obese dogs showed lower serum ADIPOQ levels than the normal weight group. Accordingly, ADIPOQ and ADIPOR2 expression in the skin appear negatively correlated with obesity in the same way as the serum ADIPOQ level. These findings evidence that ADIPOQ system changes in the skin of obese dogs and suggest that the ADIPOQ effect on the skin is at least in part regulated by the reduced expression of ADIPOR2.

Adiponectin System (Rescue Hormone): The Missing Link between Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases

“…The “Adiponectin system” term represents the specific, tight, and effective functions and communications between adiponectin source, the adiponectin hormone itself and its receptors on the target cells, which lead specifically to cellular responses in different specific target cells. This term is used widely and commonly in the Endocrine field as proven by many studies in prestigious books and publications [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]. The biologic effect of certain hormones is subordinated to its interactions with specific high-affinity receptors on the cell membrane or in the cytoplasm or nucleus of target cells.…”

Genomic and Transcriptomic Characterization of Atypical Recurrent Flank Alopecia in the Cesky Fousek

“…If these signaling pathways are impaired, due to, for example, a sterol precursor accumulation, the induction and promotion of the anagen HC phase is impossible, resulting in alopecia [75]. It was found that obesity had a negative impact on HF SCs and can cause hair thinning [76,77]. In our study, 30 out of 100 affected individuals (30%) were identified as overweight, while only 10 out of 116 controls were overweight (11.6%; Table S1).…”

Evaluation of Fermented Oat and Black Soldier Fly Larva as Food Ingredients in Senior Dog Diets

“…Although the concentrations of serum GLOB and T-BIL were outside the normal reference ranges, the reference range presented in this study is a simple reference value provided by the analysis equipment (Hitachi 7180; Hitachi High-Technologies Co., Tokyo, Japan), and the reference ranges presented in this paper are not absolute criteria for judging whether a dog is clinically and pathologically normal or abnormal. In addition, different standards for the reference range of serum biochemistry in animals are suggested for different research institutions, analysis equipment, and researchers, and it has been argued that different optimal normal ranges should be applied depending on the breed, age, and physiological state, among other factors [ 53 , 54 , 55 ]. When the reference ranges suggested by Fielder [ 53 ] and Dall’Aglio [ 54 ] were applied, the concentrations of serum GLOB and T-BIL in this study were within the normal ranges.…”

“…In addition, different standards for the reference range of serum biochemistry in animals are suggested for different research institutions, analysis equipment, and researchers, and it has been argued that different optimal normal ranges should be applied depending on the breed, age, and physiological state, among other factors [ 53 , 54 , 55 ]. When the reference ranges suggested by Fielder [ 53 ] and Dall’Aglio [ 54 ] were applied, the concentrations of serum GLOB and T-BIL in this study were within the normal ranges. Furthermore, the experimental dogs in this study were judged to have a normal health condition, under the diagnosis of a professional veterinarian, based on the results of their hematologic and biochemical parameters and clinical health status at the time of trial initiation.…”