Effects of Obesity and Obesity-Related Molecules on Canine Mammary Gland Tumors

Abstract

Obesity can affect the clinical course of a number of diseases, including breast cancer in women and mammary gland tumors in female dogs, via the secretion of various cytokines and hormones. The objective of this study was to examine the expression patterns of obesity-related molecules such as aromatase, leptin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1 R) in canine mammary carcinomas (CMCs) on the basis of the body condition score (BCS). Comparative analyses of the expression of these molecules, together with prognostic factors for CMCs, including hormone receptors (HRs; estrogen and progesterone receptors), lymphatic invasion, central necrosis of the tumor, and histologic grade, were performed on 56 CMCs. The mean age of CMC onset was lower in the overweight or obese group (8.7 + 1.9 years) than in the lean or ideal body weight group (10.4 + 2.7 years). The proportion of poorly differentiated (grade III) tumors was significantly higher in the overweight or obese female dogs. Aromatase expression was significantly higher in the overweight or obese group and was correlated with the expression of HRs (P ¼ .025). These findings suggest that overweight or obese status might affect the development and behavior of CMCs by tumoradipocyte interactions and increased HR-related tumor growth.

Therapeutic doses of plasma rich in growth factors cannot provoke cancer by means of the IGF-1 pathway or inflammation in dogs

“…In veterinary medicine, two recent studies demonstrated IGF-1 receptor expression and its role in canine osteosarcoma (Maniscalco et al 2015) and mammary gland carcinoma (Lim et al 2015). However, in our study, a single intramuscular PRGF or HPRGF injection at clinical doses did not result in an increase in circulating IGF-1 levels in any of the test periods.…”

“…Regarding systemic effects of growth factors, some authors (Grimberg and Cohen 2000;Grimberg 2003;Renehan et al 2004;Lim et al 2015;Maniscalco et al 2015) reported in human and veterinary patients positive associations between high circulating levels of IGF-1 and risk for different types of cancer, as well as an ergogenic effect, taking part of the prohibited list of substances of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).…”

The role of SET/I2PP2A in canine mammary tumors

“…Canine mammary tumor has also generated considerable attention as a translational model for human breast cancer 1 . Age, heredity, hormones, and obesity are reportedly risk factors of breast cancer 2, 3 , and surgical resection remains the first choice for mammary tumor therapy. However, for infiltrative and metastatic cases, adjuvant chemotherapy using agents such as doxorubicin and carboplatin; or radiation therapy are performed 4, 5 .…”

Profile of Steroid Receptors and Increased Aromatase Immunoexpression in Canine Inflammatory Mammary Cancer as a Potential Therapeutic Target

“…Very little information is available regarding Arom in the canine mammary gland (Marinelli et al 2004;Sanchez-Archidona et al 2007;Lim et al 2015).…”