Effects of Nutritional Intervention on Vitamins and Minerals Intake at Overweight and Obese Patients

Abstract

Background and Aims-To evaluate the impact of nutritional intervention on vitamins and minerals from intake food and anthropometric parameters at overweight and obese patients.Material and methods-To a sample of 40 overweight and obese patients we evaluated the nutritional content of food intake (kilocalories, macro and micronutrients). We also measured anthropometric parameters like weight, body mass index, body fat, percent of body fat, abdominal circumference and arterial tension.Results-After the nutritional intervention, overweight and obese patients had significantly lower level of intake carbohydrates (P=.018), lipids (P=.002), B1 vitamin (P<.001), B3 vitamin (P=.02) and E vitamin (P=.016). There is a significantly increased level of proteins (P<.001). Regarding the minerals, we found that the intake levels of following‗s decreased: sodium (P<.001), magnesium (P=.006), zinc (P=.035), copper (P=.002), manganese (P<.001). Phosphorus is the only mineral of which the intake level increased significantly (P<.001). All the anthropometric parameters decreased significantly: weight (P<.001), body mass index (P<.001), body fat (P<.001), percent of body fat (P<.001), abdominal circumference (P<0.001), systolic arterial tension (P<.001), diastolic arterial tension (P=.002).Conclusions-All the patients had imbalanced intake of vitamins and minerals both before and after intervention. There is a significant improved on anthropometric measures after nutritional intervention. We need to promote healthy lifestyle changes to prevent the risks associated with obesity.Keywords: overweight; obese; intake food; vitamins; minerals; anthropometric measures. . Obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (mainly stroke and heart disease), cancer (endometrial, breast, colon), pulmonary diseases, osteoporosis, periodontal diseases. It has numerous consequences on lipid, glucose and protein metabolism with hiperglicemia and insulin resistance, hiperlipidemia and hiperuricemia. Obesity apears as a consequence of imbalance between energy intake (by food) and consumed energy (mainly by phisical activities). Sedentary life and unhealthy meals, riched in energy-dense foods ( high-fat, high sugar, high-salt, micronutrient poor ) are the main problem of the contemporany world.Except the vitamin D, that is synthesized in the human body, in the cutaneous tissue, in response to sunlight exposure [2], all the other vitamins are provided by food intake. There are two types of vitamins-one's that are soluble in fat, like vitamins A, D, E. and K and other's that are soluble in water-like vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, folic acid. Excess of fat-soluble vitamins can not be eliminated so this vitamins will be stored in human body if the intake level is high and it can lead to simptoms and diseases. The water soluble vitamins are eliminated through kidney or liver and the risk of intoxication is lower and the simptoms occurs rarely.Minerals represent only 4-5 % of body weight but they are very important by p...

The Therapeutic Opportunities of Sochi Resort Balneological Industry at the Present Stage

“…Говоря о курортной мединдустрии Сочи нельзя не сказать и о ее широких возможностях при лечении церебровискулярных заболеваний, которые весьма глубоко исследовались как советской [24], так и современной медициной [25][26][27]…”