Effects of nutrition and metabolic status on circulating hormones and ovarian follicle development in cattle

Diskin, M.G.; Mackey, David R.; Roche, J. F.; Sreenan, J.M.

doi:10.1016/s0378-4320(03)00099-x

Cited by 318 publications

(256 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…Possible extensions of the model could be in the field of energy metabolism, stress, disease, and factors affecting the expression of estrous behavior. There are relationships between regulation of the estrous cycle and energy balance, which can cause fertility problems in high producing dairy cows in negative energy balance (for reviews see [20,62]). Changes in reproductive performance that are associated with high milk production may in part be explained by elevated P4 and E2 clearance rates, as described in the physiological model of [79].…”

Section: Discussion and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple mathematical model of the bovine estrous cycle: Follicle development and endocrine interactions

Bôer

Stötzel

Röblitz

et al. 2011

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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Bovine fertility is the subject of extensive research in animal sciences, especially because fertility of dairy cows has declined during the last decades. The regulation of estrus is controlled by the complex interplay of various organs and hormones. Mathematical modeling of the bovine estrous cycle could help in understanding the dynamics of this complex biological system. In this paper we present a mechanistic mathematical model of the bovine estrous cycle that includes the processes of follicle and corpus luteum development and the key hormones that interact to control these processes. The model generates successive estrous cycles of 21 days, with three waves of follicle growth per cycle. The model contains 12 differential equations and 54 parameters. Focus in this paper is on development of the model, but also some simulation results are presented, showing that a set of equations and parameters is obtained that describes the system consistent with empirical knowledge. Even though the majority of the mechanisms that are included in the model are based on relations that in literature have only been described qualitatively (i.e. stimulation and inhibition), the output of the model is surprisingly well in line with empirical data. This model of the bovine estrous cycle could be used as a basis for more elaborate models with the ability to study effects of external manipulations and genetic differences. AMS MSC 2000: 92C42, 92C30, 90C31, 65L09

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Section: Discussion and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple mathematical model of the bovine estrous cycle: Follicle development and endocrine interactions

Bôer

Stötzel

Röblitz

et al. 2011

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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“…The possible underlying mechanism(s) is(are) also still unclear, but NEB may affect COF formation at both the level of the hypthalamus/pituitary and the ovary/follicle through associated hormonal and metabolic changes [98,99] (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Predisposing Factors For Cofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aetiology and pathogenesis of cystic ovarian follicles in dairy cattle: a review

2006

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-Cystic ovarian follicles (COF) are an important ovarian dysfunction and a major cause of reproductive failure in dairy cattle. Due to the complexity of the disorder and the heterogeneity of the clinical signs, a clear definition is lacking. A follicle becomes cystic when it fails to ovulate and persists on the ovary. Despite an abundance of literature on the subject, the exact pathogenesis of COF is unclear. It is generally accepted that disruption of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis, by endogenous and/or exogenous factors, causes cyst formation. Secretion of GnRH/LH from the hypothalamus-pituitary is aberrant, which is attributed to insensitivity of the hypothalamus-pituitary to the positive feedback effect of oestrogens. In addition, several factors can influence GnRH/LH release at the hypothalamo-pituitary level. At the ovarian level, cellular and molecular changes in the growing follicle may contribute to anovulation and cyst formation, but studying follicular changes prior to cyst formation remains extremely difficult. Differences in receptor expression between COF and dominant follicles may be an indication of the pathways involved in cyst formation. The genotypic and phenotypic link of COF with milk yield may be attributed to negative energy balance and the associated metabolic and hormonal adaptations. Altered metabolite and hormone concentrations may influence follicle growth and cyst development, both at the level of the hypothalamus-pituitary and the ovarian level.cystic ovarian follicles / pathogenesis / hypothalamus-pituitary / ovary / negative energy balance

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“…Dietary energy source in dairy cattle 669 Several reviews have indicated nutrition to be important in the prevention and treatment of NEB related disorders [25, [47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54]. The relation of NEB with protein metabolism has been reviewed [25,47], just as the relation between dietary fat (C2 compounds or lipogenic) and metabolic and reproductive disorders [48,51,[54][55][56].…”

Section: Energy Metabolism In High-producing Dairy Cattlementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary energy source on energy balance, production, metabolic disorders and reproduction in lactating dairy cattle

et al. 2005

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-The pathway for oxidation of energy involves a balanced oxidation of C2 and C3 compounds. During early lactation in dairy cattle this C2/C3 ratio is out of balance, due to a high availability of lipogenic (C2) products and a low availability of glycogenic (C3) products relative of the C2 and C3 products required for milk production. This review compares studies which manipulated dietary energy source and shows that dietary energy source can affect the balance of the C2/C3 ratio, as indicated by plasma NEFA, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and glucose levels. It is shown that glycogenic nutrients increase glucose and insulin concentrations and decrease NEFA and BHBA plasma levels. Extra lipogenic nutrients elevate NEFA and BHBA and decrease plasma glucose concentrations. Lipogenic nutrients generally increase milk fat percentage and decrease milk protein percentage, suggesting a surplus of C2 compounds. The inverse is the case for feeding extra glycogenic nutrients, implying reduced deamination and oxidation of glycogenic amino acids. Feeding extra glycogenic nutrients improved the energy balance (EB), in contrast to ambiguous results of lipogenic nutrients on EB. Moreover, glycogenic feed may reduce the severity of ketosis and fatty liver, but increased the incidence of (sub)clinical acidosis. Since studies are scarce, it seems difficult to draw conclusions on the effects of dietary energy source on reproduction. However, lipogenic nutrients decrease glucose and increase NEFA and BHBA plasma levels. High plasma NEFA and BHBA and low plasma glucose levels are associated with decreased reproductive performance, which might imply the C2/C3 compound balance to be important for reproductive function.lipogenic nutrients / glycogenic nutrients / reproduction / energy metabolism

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Effects of nutrition and metabolic status on circulating hormones and ovarian follicle development in cattle

Cited by 318 publications

References 110 publications

A simple mathematical model of the bovine estrous cycle: Follicle development and endocrine interactions

A simple mathematical model of the bovine estrous cycle: Follicle development and endocrine interactions

Aetiology and pathogenesis of cystic ovarian follicles in dairy cattle: a review

Effect of dietary energy source on energy balance, production, metabolic disorders and reproduction in lactating dairy cattle

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