“…A male’s individual condition is also critical for determining males’ ability to produce and transfer ejaculates. Intrinsic factors such as age, mating activity, and diet have all been shown to influence male ejaculate quality, quantity and composition, impacting both male and female fitness (Fricke, Bretman, & Chapman, 2008; Macartney et al, 2019; Sepil et al, 2020). In both vertebrate and invertebrate taxa, older males tend to transfer smaller or lower quality ejaculates, leading to a decline in fertility or offspring fitness (Dean et al, 2010; Preston, Saint Jalme, Hingrat, Lacroix, & Sorci, 2015; Ruhmann, Koppik, Wolfner, & Fricke, 2018).…”