Effects of noradrenaline on immunological activity in Sydney rock oysters

In vitro effects of noradrenaline on Akoya pearl oyster (Pinctada imbricata) haemocytes

“…These masses were commonly associated with regions of membrane blebbing and the production of F-actin encased apoptotic bodies. Aladaileh et al (2008), observed a similar phenomena after exposing S. glomerata haemocytes to 150 nM NA. In other studies, the rearrangement of F-actin within the cytoskeleton has been associated with the early onset of apoptotic signal transduction [35,36].…”

“…Other studies have this linked stress-associated immuosuppression in bivalves with neuroendocrine responses involving the release of catecholamines (CA), such as noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DO; 5,15,20). These endocrine stress responses are mediated by corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) and adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH; 5,15).…”

“…This response may be deleterious in situations where opportunistic pathogens are present. Recent studies by and Aladaileh et al (2008) have linked the secretion of CA's with an increased occurrence of apoptotic events in defensive haemocytes from C. gigas and S. glomerata respectively. Given the key role of haemocytes in immunocompetence, this CA induced apoptosis may be implicated with immunosuppression and disease susceptibility [22].…”

The pro-apoptotic action of the peptide hormone, Neb-colloostatin, on insect haemocytes

“…In insects injected with Neb-colloostatin, F-actin staining showed cytoskeletal disintegration, as indicated by the appearance of a number of intensively stained foci. The observed F-actin staining pattern is similar to that achieved by treating rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata) haemocytes with noradrenaline (Aladaileh et al, 2008). MAP-dependent F-actin rearrangement mediates membrane blebbing during stress-induced apoptosis, contributing to cell death (Huot et al, 1998).…”

A dopamine beta hydroxylase from Chlamys farreri and its induced mRNA expression in the haemocytes after LPS stimulation

“…The up-regulation and accumulation of immune mediators might provoke the mass expression of DBH in haemocytes at 12 h. And the level of norepinephrine, as the product of DBH, would continuously incremented. The increased norepinephrine might have negative influences on the immune response in scallop, because norepinephrine had been found arouse the decrease of immunological parameters in oyster Saccostrea glomerata [46], and suppression of haemocytes phagocytosis in oyster Crassostrea gigas [17]. In neuroendocrine-immune regulatory network of vertebrates, the immune mediators and cytokines released from the immune system can activate the neuroendocrine responses [47,48].…”