Effects of noradrenaline depletion in the brain on response to novelty in isolation-reared rats

Abstract

Isolation rearing influences the behavioural effects of central NA depletion. The results suggest isolation-induced changes in the central noradrenergic system in the isolated rat, supporting the view that early environmental factors can have long-term effects on central noradrenergic function as well as other neurotransmitter systems.

The mGluR2/3 agonist LY379268 reverses post-weaning social isolation-induced recognition memory deficits in the rat

“…Isolates, however, took longer to habituate and remained active for longer, resulting in higher, cumulative, total locomotor activity counts. These findings are consistent with several previous reports of locomotor hyperactivity in isolated animals by our group and others (Bianchi et al 2006;Del Arco et al 2004;Fone et al 1996;Hall et al 1998;Heidbreder et al 2000;Jones et al 1990;Lapiz et al 2003;Lapiz et al 2000;Levine et al 2007;Schubert et al 2009). …”

“…In order to examine any changes in declarative recognition memory induced either by isolation rearing or by a time-delay, a two-trial novel object discrimination task was adapted from previous studies (Ennaceur and Delacour 1988), which are routinely used in our laboratory (Bianchi et al 2009;Bianchi et al 2006;King et al 2004King et al , 2009aLapiz et al 2000).…”

Precedence-effect-induced enhancement of prepulse inhibition in socially reared but not isolation-reared rats

“…It has been known that, in rats, isolation rearing results in various schizophrenic-like cognitive/behavioral abnormalities, including spontaneous hyperactivity in open-field environments, recognition memory deficits, reduced PPI, deficits in attentional set-shifting performance (impaired inhibitory control in attentional selection), and impaired reversal learning in the rotating T-maze (e.g., Arakawa, 2005;Bianchi et al, 2006;Cilia et al, 2005;Geyer, Wilkinson, Humby, & Robbins, 1993;Jones, Marsden, & Robbins, 1991;Lapiz, Mateo, & Parker, 2000 effects of the conditioned acoustic prepulse on startle, suggesting that the PPI-enhancing effect of the conditioned prepulse overpowered any potential startle-enhancing effect of the conditioned prepulse under the experimental conditions used in our studies. Note that there are several important differences between the Davis et al study and our studies, including the difference in prepulse modality (light stimulus vs. acoustic stimulus) and the differences in conditioning procedure (e.g., 500-msec footshock duration vs. 3-msec footshock duration).…”

“…In rats, isolation rearing also results in substantial changes in neural structures/neurotransmissions (e.g., Barr et al, 2004;Dalley, Theobald, Pereira, Li, & Robbins, 2002;Day-Wilson, Jones, Southam, Cilia, & Totterdell, 2006;Harte et al, 2004;Heidbreder et al, 2001;Heidbreder et al, 2000;Jones, Hernandez, Kendall, Marsden, & Robbins, 1992;Jones et al, 1991;Lapiz et al, 2000;Muchimapura, Mason, & Marsden, 2003;Preece, Dalley, & Theobald, 2004;Silva-Gomez, Rojas, Juarez, & Flores, 2003;Whitaker-Azmitia, Zhou, Hobin, & Borella, 2000; for a recent review, see Fone & Porkess, 2008). Particularly, it results in both structure abnormalities (Day-Wilson et al, 2006;Melendez, Gregory, Bardo, & Kalivas, 2004;Preece et al, 2004) …”

Development and characterization of chronic animal models of schizophrenia

“…Anatomically, this task is assumed to depend on the hippocampus, the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway and rhinal cortex [189,190]. Both postweaning isolation and NMDA antagonist treatment can lead to impairment in the NOR test, but the results are controversial in this respect, too [48,140,157,157,[191][192][193][194][195]. We have found impairment in the NOR test in treated animals of both the complex model and the desensitized group, i.e.…”