Effects of nootropics on the EEG in conscious rats and their modification by glutamatergic inhibitors

RETRACTED: Noopept; a nootropic dipeptide, modulates persistent inflammation by effecting spinal microglia dependent Brain Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) and pro-BDNF expression throughout apoptotic process

“…Long-term administration of Noopept during persistent peripheral inflammation not only decreases the activity of spinal microglia but also decreases microglia dependent BDNF and pro-BDNF expressions in parallel with thermal hyperalgesia and dorsal horn cell apoptosis. Despite the many studies were done on the effects of Nootropics, such as Noopept, on cognitive disorders like Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases [66,67], the mechanism of the effect of this novel dipeptide on persistent inflammatory pain and its involved central mechanisms remained largely uncharacterized. Our results demonstrated that Noopept treatment was not only effective in reducing pain behaviors but also reduced spinal cell apoptosis, which is related to pain behavior variations in the context of CFA-induced inflammation.…”

Neuroprotective and Nootropic Drug Noopept Rescues α-Synuclein Amyloid Cytotoxicity

“…Indeed, in the 1-day-aged sample, there were monomeric α-Syn present as specs in the AFM images with a height of 0.4 nm and larger oligomers with a height of 0.7 nm, which likely correspond to tetramers, as estimated from AFM cross-section analysis and calculation of particle volume by the spherical cap approximation. 34,40 The latter induced mostly apoptotic-type cell death as demonstrated by Annexin V and propidium iodide fluorescent staining and typical apoptotic cell morphology observed in the bright-field microscopy. 46 In the 3-day amyloid sample, the larger oligomers with a height of ca 1-2 nm were highly populated as evident in the AFM imaging, corresponding to ecosinomers and even larger oligomers; 34,40 they were characterized by β-sheet structure as shown by ThT binding and far-UV CD, and these species were highly toxic, causing mixed apoptotic and necrotic cell deaths (Fig.…”

“…33 Noopept produces positive nootropic and cognitive effect in animal models at 0.01 to 0.8 mg/kg concentrations. 32,34,35 Currently, noopept tablets are used for treating cognitive deficiency of cerebrovascular and posttraumatic origin and recommended in dosages from 10 to 30 mg/day ‡.…”

Nootropic dipeptide, Noopept can modulate hyperalgesia by effecting on spinal microglia dependent Brain Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) and pro-BDNF expression and apoptosis during persistent inflammation

“…Our observations in the second step of the study suggested that the long-term administration of Noopept during persistent peripheral inflammation not only decreases the activity of spinal microglia but also decreases microglia dependent BDNF and pro-BDNF expressions in parallel with thermal hyperalgesia and dorsal horn cell apoptosis. Despite the many studies done on the effects of Nootropics, such as Noopept, on cognitive disorders like Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases [61,62], the mechanism of the effect of this novel dipeptide on persistent inflammatory pain and its involved central mechanisms remained largely uncharacterized. Our results demonstrated that Noopept treatment was not only effective in reducing pain behaviors but also reduced spinal cell apoptosis, which is related to pain behavior variations in the context of CFA-induced inflammation.…”