Effects of nonylphenol on early embryonic development, pigmentation and 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine-induced metamorphosis in Bombina orientalis (Amphibia: Anura)

Xenopus embryonic epidermis as a mucociliary cellular ecosystem to assess the effect of sex hormones in a non-reproductive context

“…However, prominent and specific changes in skin pigmentation were observed (Figure 4). Consistent with these observations, previous studies showed that natural estrogens may affect melanin containing cells by increasing their abundance [33,34], enhancing the tyrosinase activity [34,35] and increasing the melanosome transfer via CFTR and ESRs signalling regulation [35]. CFTR expression was also shown to be regulated by estrogens in mucosal epithelia [36,37], affecting pH, fluid volume and transport in the tissue [38]; in tadpole epidermis, we showed that cftr was upregulated by the synthetic EDC, EE2.…”

Developmental toxicity of treated municipal wastewater effluent on Bombina orientalis (Amphibia: Anura) embryos

“…Adult frogs, 3 yr of age, were bred by artificial fertilization from wild parent pairs sampled from Gapyeong, Gyeonggi‐do, Korea. To obtain embryos, superovulation, mating, and fertilization were performed by gonadotropin stimulation as described previously . Briefly, adult males and females, bred in the laboratory, were given a single injection of 150 IU and 200 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (Sigma‐Aldrich), respectively, in the dorsal lymph sac.…”

“…The fire‐bellied toad ( Bombina orientalis ) is one of the most common amphibians in Korea. Embryos and tadpoles of B. orientalis have been used for developmental toxicity assays of pesticides and endocrine disruptors . Recently, amphibian populations have rapidly decreased in this basin .…”

Liver histology and ultrastructure of the Italian newt (Lissotriton italicus): Normal structure and modifications after acute exposure to nonylphenol ethoxylates

“…Compared to other aquatic models, limited number of studies have been conducted on the effects of nonylphenolic compounds in amphibians, and available data have mainly focused on oestrogen-mediated effects such as survival, malformations, growth, development and metamorphic progression (Mann and Bidwell, 2000;Bevan et al, 2003;Sone et al, 2004;Christensen et al, 2005;Yang et al, 2005;Park et al, 2010), gonadal differentiation (Kloas et al, 1999;Mosconi et al, 2002;Mackenzie et al, 2003;Porter et al, 2011), induction of vitellogenin (Kang et al, 2006;Porter et al, 2011;Mosconi et al, 2002) or other markers (Mann and Bidwell, 2001;Mosconi et al, 2002;Bevan et al, 2003;Lee et al, 2010;Feng et al, 2011;Capaldo et al, 2012). However, other mechanisms that do not involve hormone-like pathways (Laurenzana et al, 2002;Watanabe et al, 2004) may be responsible for NPEs/NPs toxicity; besides estrogenic effects, nonylphenolic compounds may induce organ toxicity, particularly in liver and gonads (Kaptaner and Ünal, 2011).…”