Effects of nitrogen dilution on the NOx and CO emission of H2/CO/CH4 syngases in a partially-premixed gas turbine model combustor

Lee, In Bok; Woo, In Sung; Lee, Min Chul

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.04.131

Cited by 34 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…CO is an intermediate product of incomplete combustion, and its emission trend is typically inversely proportional to the flame temperature. [ 57 ] Figure 8b demonstrates the impact of hydrogen addition on CO emissions. It is evident that the peak mole fraction of CO gradually decreases with the addition of hydrogen.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Hydrogen Addition, Oxygen Level, and Strain Rate on Combustion Characteristics of CH₄/H₂ in Staged MILD Combustion

Zhang,

Liu,

Huang

et al. 2023

Energy Tech

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In this article, the effects of hydrogenation amount (0–80%), oxygen content (14–18%), and strain rate (10–1000 s−1) on the emission characteristics of NO and CO in moderate or intense low‐oxygen dilution (MILD) fractional combustion are studied under the actual working conditions of gas turbine (T = 723 K, P = 16.5 atm). The pathway of NO and CO production and the reaction with the greatest influence on their emissions are analyzed. In the findings, it is indicated that NO emissions are suppressed at lower hydrogen levels, while the addition of hydrogen leads to a decrease in CO emissions. Specifically, the key reaction for NO formation is H + NO + M = HNO + M, whereas CO emissions are primarily controlled by the direct reaction OH + CO = H + CO2. Furthermore, the reduction of oxygen levels effectively suppresses NO and CO emissions during MILD combustion. The variation in oxygen level exerts the greatest influence on the reaction rate of the NNH pathway. High concentrations of O2 are identified as the primary cause of elevated CO levels in MILD combustion. Finally, elevating the strain rate in MILD combustion demonstrates a mitigating effect on NO and CO emissions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Hydrogen Addition, Oxygen Level, and Strain Rate on Combustion Characteristics of CH₄/H₂ in Staged MILD Combustion

Zhang,

Liu,

Huang

et al. 2023

Energy Tech

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“…Carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and even radicals could be in the product mix. Adding hydrogen to the fuel could improve the combustion efficiency and reduce the share of these products, as it increases the flame temperature [29].…”

Section: Different Combustion Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hydrogen-Fueled Micro Gas Turbine Unit for Carbon-Free Heat and Power Generation

Banihabib

Assadi

2022

Sustainability

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The energy transition with transformation into predominantly renewable sources requires technology development to secure power production at all times, despite the intermittent nature of the renewables. Micro gas turbines (MGTs) are small heat and power generation units with fast startup and load-following capability and are thereby suitable backup for the future’s decentralized power generation systems. Due to MGTs’ fuel flexibility, a range of fuels from high-heat to low-heat content could be utilized, with different greenhouse gas generation. Developing micro gas turbines that can operate with carbon-free fuels will guarantee carbon-free power production with zero CO2 emission and will contribute to the alleviation of the global warming problem. In this paper, the redevelopment of a standard 100-kW micro gas turbine to run with methane/hydrogen blended fuel is presented. Enabling micro gas turbines to run with hydrogen blended fuels has been pursued by researchers for decades. The first micro gas turbine running with pure hydrogen was developed in Stavanger, Norway, and launched in May 2022. This was achieved through a collaboration between the University of Stavanger (UiS) and the German Aerospace Centre (DLR). This paper provides an overview of the project and reports the experimental results from the engine operating with methane/hydrogen blended fuel, with various hydrogen content up to 100%. During the development process, the MGT’s original combustor was replaced with an innovative design to deal with the challenges of burning hydrogen. The fuel train was replaced with a mixing unit, new fuel valves, and an additional controller that enables the required energy input to maintain the maximum power output, independent of the fuel blend specification. This paper presents the test rig setup and the preliminary results of the test campaign, which verifies the capability of the MGT unit to support intermittent renewable generation with minimum greenhouse gas production. Results from the MGT operating with blended methane/hydrogen fuel are provided in the paper. The hydrogen content varied from 50% to 100% (volume-based) and power outputs between 35kW to 100kW were tested. The modifications of the engine, mainly the new combustor, fuel train, valve settings, and controller, resulted in a stable operation of the MGT with NOx emissions below the allowed limits. Running the engine with pure hydrogen at full load has resulted in less than 25 ppm of NOx emissions, with zero carbon-based greenhouse gas production.

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“…We measured the emission of CO in the exhaust gas because this emission during the syngas combustion is crucial to distinguish the reaction level [38,39]. Figure 1d shows the experimental setup for the collection of the exhaust gas; a hood method was applied to analyze the exhaust gas [40].…”

Section: Flame Temperature and Exhaust Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation of Fuel Mixing and Reaction in a CH4/Syngas/Air Premixed Impinging Flame with Varied H2/CO Proportion

et al. 2017

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For industrial applications, we propose a concept of clean and efficient combustion through burning syngas on an impinging burner. We performed experimental measurements of particle image velocimetry, OH radical (OH*) chemiluminescence, flame temperature, and CO emission to examine the fuel mixing and reaction of premixed impinging flames of CH 4 /syngas/air with H 2 /CO in varied proportions. The velocity distribution of the combustion flow field showed that a deceleration area in the main flow formed through the mutual impingement of two jet flows, which enhanced the mixing of fuel and air because of an increased momentum transfer. The deceleration area expanded with an increased CO proportion, which indicated that the mixing of fuel and air also increased with the increased CO proportion. Our examination of the OH* chemiluminescence demonstrated that its intensity increased with increased CO proportion, which showed that the reaction between fuel and air accordingly increased. CO provided in the syngas hence participated readily in the reaction of the CH 4 /syngas/air premixed impinging flames when the syngas contained CO in a large proportion. Although the volume flow rate of the provided CO quadrupled, the CO emission increased by only 12% to 15%. The results of this work are useful to improve the feasibility of fuel-injection systems using syngas as an alternative fuel.

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Effects of nitrogen dilution on the NOx and CO emission of H2/CO/CH4 syngases in a partially-premixed gas turbine model combustor

Cited by 34 publications

References 11 publications

Effects of Hydrogen Addition, Oxygen Level, and Strain Rate on Combustion Characteristics of CH₄/H₂ in Staged MILD Combustion

Effects of Hydrogen Addition, Oxygen Level, and Strain Rate on Combustion Characteristics of CH₄/H₂ in Staged MILD Combustion

A Hydrogen-Fueled Micro Gas Turbine Unit for Carbon-Free Heat and Power Generation

An Investigation of Fuel Mixing and Reaction in a CH4/Syngas/Air Premixed Impinging Flame with Varied H2/CO Proportion

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Effects of nitrogen dilution on the NOx and CO emission of H2/CO/CH4 syngases in a partially-premixed gas turbine model combustor

Cited by 34 publications

References 11 publications

Effects of Hydrogen Addition, Oxygen Level, and Strain Rate on Combustion Characteristics of CH4/H2 in Staged MILD Combustion

Effects of Hydrogen Addition, Oxygen Level, and Strain Rate on Combustion Characteristics of CH4/H2 in Staged MILD Combustion

A Hydrogen-Fueled Micro Gas Turbine Unit for Carbon-Free Heat and Power Generation

An Investigation of Fuel Mixing and Reaction in a CH4/Syngas/Air Premixed Impinging Flame with Varied H2/CO Proportion

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Product

Resources

About

Effects of Hydrogen Addition, Oxygen Level, and Strain Rate on Combustion Characteristics of CH₄/H₂ in Staged MILD Combustion

Effects of Hydrogen Addition, Oxygen Level, and Strain Rate on Combustion Characteristics of CH₄/H₂ in Staged MILD Combustion