Effects of Nitrogen Deficiency on Leaf Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters in Two Olive Tree Cultivars ‘Meski’ and ‘Koroneiki’

Abstract

Effects of nitrogen (N) deficiency on photosynthetic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) assimilation, photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry and photoinhibition were investigated in young trees of two olive cultivars 'Meski' and 'Koroneiki' grown in a greenhouse under controlled conditions. The trees were subjected to four different levels of N supply. N deficient trees had a significantly smaller CO 2 assimilatory capacity, but showed little changes in maximum quantum efficiency of Downloaded by [New York University] at 14:50 28 July 2015 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 2 PSII photochemistry. However, modifications in PSII photochemistry induced by N deficiency were observed. This was reflected in decreases in quantum yield of PSII electron transport (Φ PSII )and efficiency of excitation energy capture by open PSII reaction centres (F v '/F m ') and in an increase in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). These results suggest that modifications in PSII photochemistry might be a mechanism to down-regulate photosynthetic electron transport so that production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). would be in equilibrium with the decreased demand in the Calvin cycle in the N deficient trees. Therefore, both CO 2 assimilation rate and total electron flow (J t ) with its compound electron flows devoted to either carboxylation (J c ) or oxygenation (J o ) can be considered as useful tools to assess the N nutrition status of the trees. Clear relationships were found between A max and the nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) on the one hand, and between J t and NNI on the other hand. The results demonstrate that 'Meski' is more efficient than 'Koroneiki' when subjected to N deficiency.

Effect of Nitrogen Rates on Growth and Quality of Water Spinach (Ipomea aquatica)

“…The increase in A under high nitrogen level might be due to increases in leaf area that correspondingly enhanced photosynthetic activity per plant [30]. The result was also in agreement with Boussadia et al [31] where higher nitrogen content has shown to enhance the photosynthesis rate in olive plants. The nitrogen and photosynthesis activity is linked together because of the Calvin Cycle protein which represents the nitrogen in leaf [32].…”

Effect of N fertilizing on gas exchange, leaf photosynthetic performance and nutrient concentrations of Sweet Cherry cv. 0900 ziraat

“…Fallahi et al (2001) investigated effect of rootstocks on net photosynthesis, leaf nutrition of apple trees and determined rootstock was important on leaf photosynthesis and leaf mineral concentrations. Boussadia et al (2015) stated that most limiting factor for tree growth is N deficiency, which induced stunted growth and reduced yield and poor product quality. According to Cheng & Fuchigami (2002), N and carbohydrate metabolism are interrelated, and carbon assimilation depends on N metabolism to meet the needs of the photosynthetic machinery.…”

Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging captures photochemical efficiency of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in a field setting

“…Advances in measuring leaf-level fluorescence have made capturing chlorophyll fluorescence an important tool for studies focused on radiation-use efficiency and changes in photosynthesis. Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence are rapid, non-invasive, and have allowed researchers to obtain information about how photosynthesis responds to heat stress [ 11 , 12 ], water stress [ 13 , 14 ], nitrogen deficiency [ 15 , 16 ] and high light [ 17 ]. Herbicides like 3-(3′,4′-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), which interact with the D1 protein of photosystem II and block electron transport, has allowed researchers to better understand how chlorophyll fluorescence relates to the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis [ 18 – 21 ].…”