Effects of nitrogen application strategy and planting density optimization on sorghum yield and quality

Yang, Guang; Hu, Zun Y.; Zhou, Yu; Hao, Zhi Y.; Li, Jing H.; Wang, Qiang; Meng, X.; Rui, Huang

doi:10.1002/agj2.20629

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In the study of proso millet, under the condition of nitrogen deficiency, the photosynthetic capacity and chlorophyll content of millet leaves were reduced, resulting in significantly reduced grain yield [ 49 ]. In addition, compared with other treatments, the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content of sorghum leaves were significantly increased by applying nitrogen fertilizer at the jointing stage, and the yield was improved [ 50 ]. In buckwheat, the photosynthetic capacity, starch synthesis and grain yield of Tartary buckwheat were improved by nitrogen fertilizer treatment [ 51 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Slow-Release Fertilizer on Lotus Rhizome Yield and Starch Quality under Different Fertilization Periods

Zhu

Deng

et al. 2023

Plants

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Slow-release fertilizer is an environmentally friendly fertilizer that is widely used in crop cultivation instead of traditional nitrogen fertilizer. However, the optimal application time of slow-release fertilizer and its effect on starch accumulation and rhizome quality of lotus remains unclear. In this study, two slow-release fertilizer applications (sulfur-coated compound fertilizer, SCU, and resin-coated urea, RCU) were fertilized under three fertilization periods (the erect leaf stage, SCU1 and RCU1; the erect leaf completely covering the water stage, SCU2 and RCU2; and the swelling stage of lotus rhizomes, SCU3 and RCU3) to study the effects of different application periods. Compared with CK (0 kg∙ha−1 nitrogen fertilizer), leaf relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) remained at higher levels under SCU1 and RCU1. Further studies showed that SCU1 and RCU1 increased yield, amylose content, amylopectin and total starch, and the number of starch particles in lotus, and also significantly reduced peak viscosity, final viscosity and setback viscosity of lotus rhizome starch. To account for these changes, we measured the activity of key enzymes in starch synthesis and the relative expression levels of related genes. Through analysis, we found that these parameters increased significantly under SCU and RCU treatment, especially under SCU1 and RCU1 treatment. The results of this study showed that the one-time application at the erect leaf stage (SCU1 and RCU1) could improve the physicochemical properties of starch by regulating the key enzymes and related genes of starch synthesis, thus improving the nutritional quality of lotus rhizome. These results provide a technical choice for the one-time application of slow-release fertilizer in lotus rhizome production and cultivation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Slow-Release Fertilizer on Lotus Rhizome Yield and Starch Quality under Different Fertilization Periods

Zhu

Deng

et al. 2023

Plants

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“…Optimal fertilizer rates for maximum yield have been previously documented (Mahama et al., 2014) but are typically considered on the traditional practice of complete N fertilization at planting, or even earlier. Theoretically, the split application of N at key growth stages at which plants take up N at high rates will increase yield and quality while reducing N losses (Yang et al., 2021). Grain yield varied significantly ( p < 0.01) between N treatments in environments 2 and 3 with low soil mineral N (Table S5), whereas a high soil mineral N of 95 kg N ha −1 provided enough N for plant uptake and masked the effect of N treatments on grain yield.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of in‐season split application of nitrogen on intra‐panicle grain dynamics, grain quality, and vegetative indices that govern nitrogen use efficiency in sorghum

Ostmeyer,

Impa,

Bean

et al. 2023

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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BackgroundThe correct rate and timing of nitrogen (N) has the potential to improve sorghum productivity through modified grain yield components and quality. The impacts of in‐season split application of N have little documentation.AimAn experiment was conducted to determine the optimum rate and timing of N to relate vegetative indices that govern nitrogen use efficiency and to maximize grain yield and quality under different soil types.MethodsPioneer 86P20 was grown in three environments on two different soil types following a completely randomized block design with nine N application treatments. Treatments included differing N rates applied at critical developmental stages of sorghum (planting, panicle initiation, and booting), accompanied with high temporal aerial phenotyping.ResultsOpportunities to increase grain protein content while using split N applications were observed, with panicle initiation identified as a critical developmental stage. In‐season split application of N enhances grain yield under low soil mineral N. Split application of 31 kg N ha−1 each at the time of planting, panicle initiation, and booting emerged as optimum N treatment to increase protein content in sorghum. Vegetative indices, that is, normalized difference vegetation index and normalized difference red edge index are capable of predicting grain yield and protein content, respectively. Intra‐panicle grain numbers and weights were altered significantly at different portions within panicles, with an opportunity to enhance yield potential at the bottom portion. The strong stay‐green trait in this hybrid locked a large proportion of nitrogen in the leaves, which warrants the need for balancing stay‐green and senescence in sorghum improvement programs.ConclusionsFindings highlight that in grain sorghum remobilization of residual leaf N into grain is a target to increase yield and grain quality. An optimized stay‐green trait balanced with senescence is recommended for enhancing sorghum yield potential.

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“…Presently, the plant density of grain sorghum in the spring-sown early-maturing zone is between 200,000 and 300,000 plants ha -1 , which is the largest sorghum plant density in China. Moreover, Yang et al (2021) showed that a planting density of 300,000 plants ha -1 could constitute a suitable production density to balance the individual plant photosynthetic level and sorghum yield in this region. Nevertheless, the optimum plant density depended largely on sorghum variety, growing conditions, and management practices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of genotype-ecological type-plant spacing configuration in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in China

Peng

Song²,

Zhang³

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Grain sorghum has been a significant contributor to global food security since the prehistoric period and may contribute even more to the security of both food and energy in the future. Globally, precise management techniques are crucial for increasing grain sorghum productivity. In China, with diverse ecological types, variety introduction occasionally occurs across ecological zones. However, few information is available on the effect of ecological type on genotype performance and how plant spacing configuration influences grain yield in various ecological zones. Hence, a series of two-year field experiments were conducted in 2020 and 2021 in four ecological zones of China, from the northeast to the southwest. The experiments included six widely adapted sorghum varieties under six plant spacing configurations (two row spacing modes: equidistant row spacing (60 cm) mode and wide (80 cm)-narrow (40 cm) row spacing mode; three in-row plant spacings: 10 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm). Our results indicated that ecological type, variety, and plant spacing configuration had a significant effect on sorghum yield. Ecological type contributed the highest proportion to the yield variance (49.8%), followed by variety (8.3%), while plant spacing configuration contributed 1.8%. Sorghum growth duration was highly influenced by the ecological type, accounting for 87.2% of its total variance, whereas plant height was mainly affected by genotype, which contributed 81.6% of the total variance. All test varieties, developed in the south or north, can reach maturity within 94-108 d, just before fall sowing in central China. Generally, sorghum growth duration becomes longer when a variety is introduced from south to north. A late-maturing variety, developed in the spring sowing and late-maturing regions, possibly could not reach maturity in the early-maturing region. The row spacing modes had no significant affect on sorghum yield, but the equal-row spacing mode consistently caused higher yields with only one exception; this might imply that equal-row spacing mode was more advantageous for boosting sorghum yield potential. In contrast, decreasing in-row plant spacing showed significant positive linear associations with sorghum grain yield in most cases. In addition, these results demonstrated that sorghum is a widely adapted crop and enables success in variety introduction across ecological zones.

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Effects of nitrogen application strategy and planting density optimization on sorghum yield and quality

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Effects of Slow-Release Fertilizer on Lotus Rhizome Yield and Starch Quality under Different Fertilization Periods

Effects of Slow-Release Fertilizer on Lotus Rhizome Yield and Starch Quality under Different Fertilization Periods

Impact of in‐season split application of nitrogen on intra‐panicle grain dynamics, grain quality, and vegetative indices that govern nitrogen use efficiency in sorghum

Interaction of genotype-ecological type-plant spacing configuration in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in China

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