Effects of Nitrogen and Sulfur Fertilizers on Gliadin Composition of Several Cultivars of Durum Wheat

Abstract

Four fertilizer treatments were applied to 10 cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum L.) in three seasons of designed field trials. The fertilizer treatments were N0S0 ‐ neither N nor S applied; N1S0 ‐ only N applied; N1S1 ‐ both N and S applied; N0S1 ‐ only S applied. It was found, through densitometric SDS‐PAGE, that the relative proportion of different gliadin components was influenced by the distinct regimes, even though our region in the center of the Argentinean Pampa is not considered to be deficient in soil S‐availability. The effects observed were more marked in one particular season of the three studied, were principally associated with the treatment expected to produce the maximum degree of grain S‐deficiency (N1S0), and were consistent with the hypothesis that the relative content of S‐poor gliadins increases under conditions of S‐deficiency, as has been found in related crops. Multivariate reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) analysis of samples from the season most affected generally supported these observations, but refined them in identifying quantitative differences between all four fertilizer treatments for the cultivars studied. These findings imply that differences in industrial quality might also be expected between the fertilizer treatments. RP‐HPLC also identified numerous genetically controlled qualitative differences in the gliadins between the cultivars studied, adding to previous published work on these cultivars based on SDS‐PAGE. These observations confirmed that one particular cultivar of very low gluten strength showed a gliadin profile markedly distinct from the remaining cultivars studied.

The effect of genotype and environmental conditions on grain physiochemical properties of Syrian durum wheat cultivars

“…The interaction of cultivar and site did not show an effect on protein content at the irrigated sites or rainfed sites. Previous research on the effect of environment and genotype on wheat protein content showed that protein content was largely influenced by the genotype but that environmental factors, such as nitrogen fertilisation, water and temperature, could exhibit a large influence (Benzian et al ., ; Baenziger et al ., ; Lukow & McVetty, ; Mariani et al ., ; Lerner et al ., ; Rogers et al ., ).…”

“…Environmental factors, such as nitrogen fertilisation, water and temperature, influence protein content (Sissons et al ., ). In contrast, protein quality is largely under genetic control (Lerner et al ., ; Rogers et al ., ). Recently, Labuschagne et al .…”

Quality characteristics and protein composition of durum wheat cultivars released in the last 50 years

“…Vida et al (2014) investigated the effect of genotype, environmental conditions, and agronomic practices on the gluten index of winter durum wheat, and their results suggested that gluten index is mainly dependent on genotype, and that environmental conditions have little influence on gluten index. Similarly, Rogers et al (2006) also noted the importance of genotype in protein quality.…”

EFECTO DE LA VARIEDAD Y LA FERTILIZACIÓN EN INDICADORES DE CALIDAD PROTEICA IN-VITRO DE DOS VARIEDADES Y UNA LÍNEA DE GARBANZO (Cicer arietinum)

“…Estudios realizados por Luo et al (17) en cultivo de trigo detectaron que la adición de nitrógeno después de la floración favorece tanto la cantidad como la composición de la proteína del grano. Thomason et al (18) y Rogers et al (19) reportaron que la absorción de nitrógeno por la planta de trigo, depende no sólo de la cantidad adicionada de N, sino del balance que debe de existir del N y S presente en la planta, ya sea adicionado o presente en el suelo, así como del tipo de fertilizante utilizado.…”