Effects of Nitrogen and Potassium on Wear Mechanisms in Perennial Ryegrass: I. Wear Tolerance and Recovery

Hoffman, L. Richard; Ebdon, J. S.; Dest, W. M.; DaCosta, Michelle

doi:10.2135/cropsci2008.08.0473

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Wear injury was evaluated using a visual rating scale as described by Hoffman et al (2010a) Initial wear injury at the day of treatment appeared as bruising and crushing injury (blackish discoloration) followed by the loss in chlorophyll (chlorosis) and necrosis within 5 d after wear treatment (5DAT). Evaluation of wear at 5DAT was chosen because significant wear injury was apparent and not compounded by other factors such as recovery.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wear Tolerance Mechanisms in Agrostis Species and Cultivars

et al. 2011

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Creeping bentgrass {Agrostis stolonifera L.) and velvet bentgrass {Agrostis canina L.) are important turfgrass for golf putting greens. Investigations into wear tolerance mechanisms are limited in Agrostis. The objective of this study was to evaluate anatomical, morphological, and physiological characteristics in Agrostis species and cultivars and relate these to wear tolerance. Seven A. sfo/on/'fera and seven A. canina cultivars were evaluated for response to wear. Wear was applied using a grooming brush over two spring and fall periods. Interspecific differences accounted for 98% of the variation in wear tolerance, with velvet bentgrass exhibiting better tolerance. Ten characteristics were measured on greenhouse-grown spaced-plants established from field plots. Characteristics included tiller density, tiller dry weight, tiller water content, leaf width, leaf strength, leaf angle, tiller angle, and cell wäll constituents (total cell wall [TCW], hemicellulose, and lignocellulose). Depending on the year and season, multiple regression analysis showed TCW accounted for 62.8 to 79;9% of the total variation in wear tolerance followed by tiller density accounting for 53.6 to 66.9% and tiller angle accounting for 75.9% of the variation. SR-7200 was lowest in wear tolerance among velvet bentgrass and exhibited lower cell wall components, lower tiller density, and a more decumbent tiller (and leaf) angle, which was consistent with the lower responses observed in A. stolonifera.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wear Tolerance Mechanisms in Agrostis Species and Cultivars

et al. 2011

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“…Turfgrass function and quality are affected by wear and soil compaction, which have been indicated as the two major components of traffic stress in sports fields (Beard, 1973;Carrow and Petrovic, 1992). As the demand and use of sports fields increases, there is an increasing need for turfgrasses having high wear tolerance and quick recovery under intensive traffic (Hoffman et al, 2010). Wear damage on aboveground plant parts results from the crushing, tearing, and shearing actions of foot and vehicular traffic on the leaves, stems, and crowns (Beard, 1973;Shearman andBeard, 1975a, 1975b;Shearman, 1988;Carrow and Petrovic,…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of various cool-season turfgrasses as influenced by simulated traffic in northeastern Italy

Pornaro¹,

Barolo²,

Rimi³

et al. 2016

Europ.J.Hortic.Sci.

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Warm-season grasses are known to be more wear tolerant than cool-season grasses, but in northern Italy the latter are generally preferred for ornamental turfgrasses and athletics fields. The Po River valley, in the North of Italy, is a typical transition zone where species and cultivar selection play a very important role in establishing successful turfgrasses with high stress tolerance, including foot traffic. The aim of this research was to evaluate the traffic tolerance and adaptation of 25 cultivars of three coolseason turfgrass species to transitional growing conditions of Italy. A study was conducted over a two-year period at the experimental farm of Padova University in Legnaro. The species studied were tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum), kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Simulated traffic was applied using a Brinkman traffic simulator at a level equivalent to one soccer game per week. Turfgrass quality and density were assessed every week using a 1 to 9 visual scale during traffic treatments each year. Furthermore, turfgrass canopy height was measured weekly for calculating daily vertical growth rate (mm d-1) in spring, summer, and autumn. Trafficked plots exhibited lower quality than nontrafficked, primarily as a result of decline in turf density. The effect of traffic on density was more evident in the second year wherein all species exhibited ratings lower than 5.0. Traffic did not affect turf growth for perennial ryegrass and tall fescue, while a drastic decrease in growth rate in the second year of study was observed for kentucky bluegrass. Perennial ryegrass had lower density than tall fescue and kentucky bluegrass, especially in summer and autumn of the first year when it showed ratings lower than 6.0. Different responses occurred among kentucky bluegrass cultivars, while perennial ryegrass and tall fescue cultivars responded similarly. Results indicated a high quality and environmental adaptability of 'Rhambler SRP' tall fescue. Among kentucky bluegrass cultivars, 'Mystere' displayed the best wear tolerance with a decrease of density from 5.5 to 4.3 only during the second year. Perennial ryegrass cultivars were similarly affected by traffic, except for 'Yorktown III' which showed the lower performance in both traffic and non-traffic conditions reaching a turf density rating lower than 5.0 in both years of study.

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“…Since both measurements are instantaneous, the CI can be seen as an objective substitute for the older VQ rating system. Hoffman et al [23] used reflectance as a quantitative measurement of injury as an alternative to qualitative (visual) ratings. The number of significant factors and combinations, as well as the level of significance was greater for VQ, indicative of greater variation for this subjective measurement.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Evaluation of Common Savannahgrass on a Range of Soils Subjected to Different Stresses I: Productivity and Quality

2014

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Turfgrass growth, performance and quality are affected by abiotic stress factors and are of primary concern for persons managing turfgrass areas under seasonal tropical climates. Under these conditions, common Savannahgrass (SG) may have a performance advantage over imported hybrid turfgrasses. A greenhouse study was conducted to comparatively evaluate the performance of tropical turfgrasses exposed to water and compaction related stresses across a range of soils, with or without the addition of a surface sand layer. Turfgrass productivity and quality was monitored over a four-month growth period. Clipping yield (CY) was lower at the higher compaction effort for all turfgrasses, but across all stresses, drought (D) and waterlogging (WL) resulted in lower CY. Values were significantly lower under D. SG had the highest clipping yield across all soils. The chlorophyll index (CI) was lower for all turfgrasses under water-induced stress compared to compaction stresses. SG had a significantly higher CI across all stress treatments. Correlation analysis showed a positive (r² = 0.420) and significant (p < 0.05) relationship between CY and CI. Similar to CI, stress type influenced turfgrass visual quality (VQ), with D stress, resulting in the lowest VQ rating among turfgrasses. Bermudagrass (BG) had the lowest VQ across all stress treatments, whilst, comparatively, Zoysiagrass (ZG) had significantly higher VQ under high compaction (HC), low compaction (LC) and WL stress. Overall, SG showed a higher level of tolerance to applied stresses and warrants greater attention as a potential turfgrass under tropical conditions. OPEN ACCESSAgronomy 2014, 4 203

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Effects of Nitrogen and Potassium on Wear Mechanisms in Perennial Ryegrass: I. Wear Tolerance and Recovery

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Wear Tolerance Mechanisms in Agrostis Species and Cultivars

Wear Tolerance Mechanisms in Agrostis Species and Cultivars

Performance of various cool-season turfgrasses as influenced by simulated traffic in northeastern Italy

Comparative Evaluation of Common Savannahgrass on a Range of Soils Subjected to Different Stresses I: Productivity and Quality

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