Effects of nitrogen addition on the growth of <i>Vaccinium uliginosum</i> and <i>Vaccinium vitis-idaea</i>

Chester, Ann; McGraw, James B.

doi:10.1139/b83-254

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This trend is supported by Chapin & Shaver (1985) who found that shoot production, leaf mass and leaf number all increased in V. vitis-idaea after NPK addition. Chester & McGraw (1983) also showed that the most rapid response to a favourable environmental change, such as nutrient addition, in V. vitis-idaea was an increased probability of shoot branching. Pitcairn et al (1991) showed that this trend could be variable in dwarf shrubs with differences in growth patterns reported in different C. vulgaris clones.…”

Section: Above-ground Growthmentioning

confidence: 91%

Differential responses of UK upland plants to nitrogen deposition

et al. 1999

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Native upland species, Nardus stricta, Eriophorum vaginatum, Erica cinerea and Vaccinium vitis-idaea were given 3 or 60 kg N ha −" yr −" , over 2 yr, applied as a mist (NH % NO $ ). The high N treatment increased above-ground biomass in all four species, but only significantly in E. cinerea, E. vaginatum and N. stricta. Biomass increases in E. vaginatum and N. stricta resulted from enhanced tiller production rather than shoot elongation. Root growth increased in N. stricta, so that root : shoot ratio in this species was unchanged by N. Root growth in E. vaginatum, E. cinerea and V. vitis-idaea did not respond to N and their root : shoot ratios decreased. Tissue N concentrations increased in both shoots and roots of all species in response to N. The accumulated foliar N did not increase the proportion of N allocated to Rubisco and the photosynthetic capacities of N. stricta, E. vaginatum and V. vitisidaea were unchanged. Thus growth responses to N were due to altered allocation rather than increased rate of photosynthesis per unit leaf area. The high N treatment increased flower production significantly in E. cinerea but not in the other species. Although in this experiment dwarf shrubs were more responsive than graminoids to N, in the field at current N inputs the enhanced tillering of the graminoids may be more competitively advantageous, especially where gaps develop in the canopy. Thus increasing N deposition may lead to increased grassiness of upland heath, and in particular, a spread of N. stricta.

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Section: Above-ground Growthmentioning

confidence: 91%

Differential responses of UK upland plants to nitrogen deposition

et al. 1999

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“…Short shoots of the former will therefore have a longer stem lifespan than short current-year shoots of the latter. The difference in stem life-span (Millington andChaney 1973, Addicott 1982, Bilbrough andRichards 199l, Ginocchio and Montenegro 1992, Buck-Sorlin and Bell 1998) among these species will presumably be revealed by studying shoot dynamics (e.g., Maillette 1982, Chester and McGraw 1983, Jones and Harper 1987, Hiura 1998, Stoll and Schmid 1998.…”

Section: Implications Of the Type Of Shoot Differentiation For Foliagmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evergreen species do not always require the annual formation of new stems for the maintenance of leaf display (Wilson 1984, Steingraeber andWaller 1986). This implies that the probability of not producing a next-year shoot can be high in short current-year shoots of evergreen species (Chester andMcGraw 1983, Wilson 1989), and stout stems to support next-year shoots may not be necessary for the short current-year shoots. Thus, I suppose that species with evergreen leaves (Halle et a/.…”

Section: Implications Of the Type Of Shoot Differentiation For Foliagmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In future studies, it will be important to relate the quantitative differences in the patterns of shoot dynamics (e.g., Sakai 1987, Yoda and Suzuki 1993, Takenaka 1994b and leaf life span (e.g., Chabot and Hicks 1982, Kudo 1992, Reich et a/. 1992, and the interactions between these patterns (e.g., Chester andMcGraw 1983, Tolvanen 1995), to the differences in shoot differentiation in both deciduous and evergreen tree species.…”

Section: Implications Of the Type Of Shoot Differentiation For Foliagmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphology and Biomass Allocation of Current-year Shoots of Ten Tall Tree Species in Cool Temperate Japan

Yagi

2000

J Plant Res

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Variations in morphology and biomass allocation of current-year shoots were investigated in saplings of ten cooltemperate tall tree species. In all the species, the ratio (leaf mass)/(stem mass) was greater in shorter current-year shoots than in longer current-year shoots. This indicates the presence of shoot differentiation, where shorter currentyear shoots are oriented to light-capture or leaf-display and longer current-year shoots are oriented to crown-expansion or space-acquisition. However, two types of differentiation were found. In type I, shorter current-year shoots had greater ratios of (leaf area)/(stem length) than longer current-year shoots and a ratio of (stem mass)/(stem length) comparable to that of longer current-year shoots. In type II, shorter current-year shoots had disproportionately smaller ratios of (stem mass)/(stem length) than longer currentyear shoots and a ratio of (leaf area)/(stem length) comparable to that of longer current-year shoots. Type I corresponds to the apparent differentiation of dwarf shoots. Type II was newly found in this study. I hypothesize that shorter current-year shoots in type I have stout stems for supporting offspring shoots in spite of severe self-shading, whereas shorter current-year shoots in type II avoid selfshading at the expense of stout stems. Implications of the two types of shoot differentiation are discussed in relation to foliage-crown dynamics.Key words: Biomass allocation -Frequency distribution of shoot length -Leaf display index -Shoot differentiation -Stem length -Stem mass per unit stem lengthCurrent-year shoots are fundamental units for tree crown development, and the relative importance of light-capture (i.e., leaf-display) and crown-expansion (i.e., space-acquisition) for current-year shoots is not uniform even within a single tree. Therefore, the differentiation of current-year shoots for light-capture or crown-expansion is an effective Present address:Abbreviations: LDI, the ratio of (leaf area)/(stem length) of a currentyear shoot (leaf display index); LSR, the ratio of (leaf mass)/(stem mass) of a current-year shoot (leaf-stem ratio); LSRPo,, the ratio of (total leaf mass)/(total stem mass) of the sampled current-year shoots (be., leaf-stem ratio of a population of current-year shoots) tactic for constructing an efficient assimilation system (Halle et a/, 1978, Steingraeber and Waller 1986, Seino 1998. Crown-expansion is more important than light-capture for current-year shoots facing an open space with high light availability; the opposite is true for current-year shoots in the inner and lower portions of a crown and for current-year shoots facing the crown of neighboring trees (Remphrey et a/. 1983, Borchert and Tomlinson 1984, Jones and Harper 1987. The differentiation of current-year shoots is likely to be universal among tree species.Patterns of differentiation of current-year shoots are closely related to the productive strategies of trees. For example, the total amount of foliage and the leaf-stem balance of an assimilation system...

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“…Increase in cover in this case could be explained by increase in production of new shoots branching from buds on old shoots, a factor which was not monitored in the present study. V. vitisidaea is known to respond very rapidly by means of lateral meristem activation to increased nutrient availability (Chester & McGraw, 1983) when nitric acid is applied in the S -I-N and N treatments or, at an early state of acidification, due to transfer of basic cations into soil solution in response to the presence of a mobile anion (Tamm, Wiklander & Popowic, 1977;Reuss & Johnson, 1986).…”

Section: Effects On the Field Layer Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of ground vegetation to prolonged simulated acid rain in sub‐arctic pine—birch forest

Shevtsova

Neuvonen

1997

New Phytologist

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S U M M A R YThe efiects of prolonged simulated acid rain on percentage cover of ground vegetation, and on growth and reproduction of two dominating dwarf shrubs {Empetrum nigrum and Vaccinium vitis-idaea) were examined in a field experiment in the Finnish Subarctic, in an area with low ambient levels of sulphur and nitrogen deposition. Acid rain treatments included moderate (pH 3'8) and high (pH 2-9) concentrations of either H,SO^, or HNO3, or a mixture of them, and were compared with irrigated (pH 6) and dry control plots.Long-term application of acid rain caused significant alteration in the cover and composition of ground vegetation. Effects of acid rain depended on the accompanying anion and on pH. Sub-plots under different canopy tree species differed in responses indicating that spatial heterogeneity is important in predicting the effect of acidifying pollution on this plant community.In the bottom layer, acid rain caused significant reduction in cover of the cyanobacterial lichens Aephroma arcticuw and Peltigera spp. Decrease in cover of fruticose lichens, mainly composed of Cladina spp., more likely resulted from additional watering.In the field layer, acid rain containing moderate concentrations of NO.," caused an increase in cover of graminoid species. There were only slight alterations in growth and cover of the two dominant evergreen dwarf shrubs, E. nigrum and V. vitis-idaea, indicating that these species are tolerant to acid rain of as low as pH 3. Even some positive responses of dwarf shrubs were observed, depending on canopy tree. Application of acid rain of pH 3 to plots under pine trees caused an increase in cover of V. vitis-idaea and, when the nitric acid only was applied, a short-term increase in the number of new shoots of E. nigrum.In contrast to vegetative growth, reproduction of the dwarf shrubs was more strongly affected by acid ram, but this also depended on local conditions and anion composition of acid rain. On 'pine' plots, rain of pH 3 reduced the number of berries and flower buds on terminal current shoot of E. nigrum, however, this was partially compensated by an increase in berr\' production at the ramet level. Simulated acid rain had mainly negati\-e effects on berry production by V. vitis-idaea.

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Effects of nitrogen addition on the growth of Vaccinium uliginosum and Vaccinium vitis-idaea

Cited by 28 publications

References 20 publications

Differential responses of UK upland plants to nitrogen deposition

Differential responses of UK upland plants to nitrogen deposition

Morphology and Biomass Allocation of Current-year Shoots of Ten Tall Tree Species in Cool Temperate Japan

Responses of ground vegetation to prolonged simulated acid rain in sub‐arctic pine—birch forest

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