Effects of Nitrate and Cytokinin on Creeping Bentgrass Under Supraoptimal Temperatures

Wang, Kehua; Zhang, Xunzhong; Ervin, Erik H.

doi:10.1080/01904167.2013.799184

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Heat stress affects CK synthesis adversely, with the reduction of CKs being reported in different species under stress, such as wild tobacco ( Nicotiana rustica ), and common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) (Itai et al, 1973), winter rape ( Brassica napus L.) (Zhou and Leul, 1999), and creeping bentgrass (Xu and Huang, 2007). Moreover, application of exogenous CKs has been shown to have effects on alleviating plant heat injury (Skogqvist, 1974; Liu and Huang, 2002; Wang et al, 2013). Adenine isopentenyl transferase (IPT) is a key enzyme catalyzing the rate-limiting step in CK biosynthesis (Sakakibara, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional Profiling and Identification of Heat-Responsive Genes in Perennial Ryegrass by RNA-Sequencing

et al. 2017

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Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is one of the most widely used forage and turf grasses in the world due to its desirable agronomic qualities. However, as a cool-season perennial grass species, high temperature is a major factor limiting its performance in warmer and transition regions. In this study, a de novo transcriptome was generated using a cDNA library constructed from perennial ryegrass leaves subjected to short-term heat stress treatment. Then the expression profiling and identification of perennial ryegrass heat response genes by digital gene expression analyses was performed. The goal of this work was to produce expression profiles of high temperature stress responsive genes in perennial ryegrass leaves and further identify the potentially important candidate genes with altered levels of transcript, such as those genes involved in transcriptional regulation, antioxidant responses, plant hormones and signal transduction, and cellular metabolism. The de novo assembly of perennial ryegrass transcriptome in this study obtained more total and annotated unigenes compared to previously published ones. Many DEGs identified were genes that are known to respond to heat stress in plants, including HSFs, HSPs, and antioxidant related genes. In the meanwhile, we also identified four gene candidates mainly involved in C4 carbon fixation, and one TOR gene. Their exact roles in plant heat stress response need to dissect further. This study would be important by providing the gene resources for improving heat stress tolerance in both perennial ryegrass and other cool-season perennial grass plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional Profiling and Identification of Heat-Responsive Genes in Perennial Ryegrass by RNA-Sequencing

et al. 2017

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“…Turfgrass quality (TQ) was visually rated weekly based on a scale of 1 to9, with 1 indicating poorest or dead turf, and 9 the best possible quality according to Wang and Jiang [26] . Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI = (Infrared 850 -Red 660 )/(Infrared 850 +Red 660 )) and canopy photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) (Fv/Fm = (Fm 690 −F0 690 )/Fm 690 ) were recorded after each TQ reading by using a turf color meter (Fieldscout TCM500, Spectrum Technologies, Plainfield, IL) and a dual wavelength chlorophyll fluorometer (OS-50II, Opti-Sciences, Hudson, NH), respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Shock Proteins in Relation to Heat Stress Tolerance of Creeping Bentgrass at Different N Levels

et al. 2014

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Heat stress is a primary factor causing summer bentgrass decline. Changes in gene expression at the transcriptional and/or translational level are thought to be a fundamental mechanism in plant response to environmental stresses. Heat stress redirects protein synthesis in higher plants and results in stress protein synthesis, particularly heat shock proteins (HSPs). The goal of this work was to analyze the expression pattern of major HSPs in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) during different heat stress periods and to study the influence of nitrogen (N) on the HSP expression patterns. A growth chamber study on ‘Penn-A4’ creeping bentgrass subjected to 38/28°C day/night for 50 days, was conducted with four nitrate rates (no N-0, low N-2.5, medium N-7.5, and high N-12.5 kg N ha−1) applied biweekly. Visual turfgrass quality (TQ), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), shoot electrolyte leakage (ShEL), and root viability (RV) were monitored, along with the expression pattern of HSPs. There was no difference in measured parameters between treatments until week seven, except TQ at week five. At week seven, grass at medium N had better TQ, NDVI, and Fv/Fm accompanied by lower ShEL and higher RV, suggesting a major role in improved heat tolerance. All the investigated HSPs (HSP101, HSP90, HSP70, and sHSPs) were up-regulated by heat stress. Their expression patterns indicated cooperation between different HSPs and their roles in bentgrass thermotolerance. In addition, their production seems to be resource dependent. This study could further improve our understanding about how different N levels affect bentgrass thermotolerance.

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“…During senescence, changes in the chloroplast ultrastructure are well-documented, such as alterations in size and shape, disorganization of the thylakoid membrane, increased number of plastoglobuli and decreased chlorophyll content and photosynthesis function (for a review, see [135]). Application of exogenous CKs usually slows down typical senescence-induced changes, e.g., chlorophyll content decrease [119,123,136,137,138], plastoglobuli formation [118,121,139] and drop in key photosynthetic parameters, such as the rate of CO 2 assimilation ( A ) [6,87,92,140,141], photochemical quenching (qP) and maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII ( F v / F m ) [87,91,92,123,142,143]. The senescence decelerating effect of CKs is not only connected to the upregulation of genes for biosynthesis and protection, however also to the downregulation of SAGs [144,145] and CK-mediated inhibition of degrading enzymes (e.g., activity of chlorophyllase, Mg-dechelatase, chlorophyll degrading peroxidase [146], RNase activity [147] and expression of pheophytinase [148]).…”

Section: Cks and Photosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Cytokinins in Senescence, Antioxidant Defence and Photosynthesis

Hönig

Plíhalová

Husičková

et al. 2018

IJMS

160

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Cytokinins modulate a number of important developmental processes, including the last phase of leaf development, known as senescence, which is associated with chlorophyll breakdown, photosynthetic apparatus disintegration and oxidative damage. There is ample evidence that cytokinins can slow down all these senescence-accompanying changes. Here, we review relationships between the various mechanisms of action of these regulatory molecules. We highlight their connection to photosynthesis, the pivotal process that generates assimilates, however may also lead to oxidative damage. Thus, we also focus on cytokinin induction of protective responses against oxidative damage. Activation of antioxidative enzymes in senescing tissues is described as well as changes in the levels of naturally occurring antioxidative compounds, such as phenolic acids and flavonoids, in plant explants. The main goal of this review is to show how the biological activities of cytokinins may be related to their chemical structure. New links between molecular aspects of natural cytokinins and their synthetic derivatives with antisenescent properties are described. Structural motifs in cytokinin molecules that may explain why these molecules play such a significant regulatory role are outlined.

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Effects of Nitrate and Cytokinin on Creeping Bentgrass Under Supraoptimal Temperatures

Cited by 12 publications

References 44 publications

Transcriptional Profiling and Identification of Heat-Responsive Genes in Perennial Ryegrass by RNA-Sequencing

Transcriptional Profiling and Identification of Heat-Responsive Genes in Perennial Ryegrass by RNA-Sequencing

Heat Shock Proteins in Relation to Heat Stress Tolerance of Creeping Bentgrass at Different N Levels

Role of Cytokinins in Senescence, Antioxidant Defence and Photosynthesis

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