Effects of nicotine exposure during prenatal or perinatal period on cell numbers in adult rat hippocampus and cerebellum: A stereology study

Chen, Wei‐Jung A.; King, Karen A.; Lee, Ruby E.; Sedtal, Christopher S.; Smith, Andrew M.

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2006.07.019

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…The only other investigation of hippocampal cell numbers after prenatal nicotine exposure in the literature which uses unbiased stereological analysis reported no effect of prenatal nicotine on diverse neuronal populations of the adult hippocampus [30]. Our P14 study is in agreement in that there was no significant change in CA or DG neurons due to nicotine.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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Prenatal Nicotine and Maternal Deprivation Stress De-Regulate the Development of CA1, CA3, and Dentate Gyrus Neurons in Hippocampus of Infant Rats

Wang

Gondré–Lewis

2013

PLoS ONE

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Adverse experiences by the developing fetus and in early childhood are associated with profound effects on learning, emotional behavior, and cognition as a whole. In this study we investigated the effects of prenatal nicotine exposure (NIC), postnatal maternal deprivation (MD) or the combination of the two (NIC+MD) to determine if hippocampal neuron development is modulated by exposure to drugs of abuse and/or stress. Growth of rat offspring exposed to MD alone or NIC+MD was repressed until after weaning. In CA1 but not CA3 of postnatal day 14 (P14) pups, MD increased pyramidal neurons, however, in dentate gyrus (DG), decreased granule neurons. NIC had no effect on neuron number in CA1, CA3 or DG. Unexpectedly, NIC plus MD combined caused a synergistic increase in the number of CA1 or CA3 neurons. Neuron density in CA regions was unaffected by treatment, but in the DG, granule neurons had a looser packing density after NIC, MD or NIC+MD exposure. When septotemporal axes were analyzed, the synergism of stress and drug exposure in CA1 and CA3 was associated with rostral, whereas MD effects were predominantly associated with caudal neurons. TUNEL labeling suggests no active apoptosis at P14, and doublecortin positive neurons and mossy fibers were diminished in NIC+MD relative to controls. The laterality of the effect of nicotine and/or maternal deprivation in right versus left hippocampus was also analyzed and found to be insiginificant. We report for the first time that early life stressors such as postnatal MD and prenatal NIC exposure, when combined, may exhibit synergistic consequences for CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neuron development, and a potential antagonistic influence on developing DG neurons. These results suggest that early stressors may modulate neurogenesis, apoptosis, or maturation of glutamatergic neurons in the hippocampus in a region-specific manner during critical periods of neurodevelopment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Although MD has been shown by multiple groups to decrease neurons in the adult DG [28], [29], pre-natal nicotine exposure did not significantly affect neuron number or volume of adult CA1, CA3 or DG [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Prenatal Nicotine and Maternal Deprivation Stress De-Regulate the Development of CA1, CA3, and Dentate Gyrus Neurons in Hippocampus of Infant Rats

Wang

Gondré–Lewis

2013

PLoS ONE

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“…NAA was found to be lower in the frontal white matter of adult smokers who were also recovering alcoholics (Wang et al 2009) but not in the other studies of adult men or women smokers (Mason et al 2006; Mashhoon et al 2011). Therefore, our findings are consistent with studies that found no evidence of neuronal loss (cell numbers in adult rats) in hippocampus or cerebellum after exposed to nicotine prenatally or both prenatally and postnatally (Chen et al 2006). Although we did not observe the most severe form of brain injury, with neuronal loss, the absence of age-related decline in CHO in the ACC may indicate a delay in cellular reorganization in the PNE group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Lower Glial Metabolite Levels in Brains of Young Children with Prenatal Nicotine Exposure

Chang

Cloak

Jiang

et al. 2011

J Neuroimmune Pharmacol

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Many pregnant women smoke cigarettes during pregnancy, but the effect of nicotine on the developing human brain is not well understood, especially in young children. This study aims to determine the effects of prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) on brain metabolite levels in young (3–4 years old) children, using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS). Twenty-six children with PNE and 24 nicotine-unexposed children (controls) were evaluated with a structured examination, a battery of neuropsychological tests, and MRI/1H MRS (without sedation). Concentrations of N-acetyl compounds (NA), total creatine (tCR), choline-containing compounds (CHO), myo-inositol (MI), and glutamate+glutamine (GLX) were measured in four brain regions. Children with PNE had similar performance to controls on neuropsychological testing. However, compared to controls, the PNE group had lower MI (repeated measures ANOVA—p=0.03) and tCr levels (repeated measures ANOVA–p=0.003), especially in the basal ganglia of the girls (−19.3%, p=0.01). In contrast, GLX was elevated in the anterior cingulate cortex of the PNE children (+9.4%, p=0.03), and those with the highest GLX levels had the poorest performance on vocabulary (r=−0.67; p<0.001) and visual motor integration (r=−0.53; p=0.01). The amount of prenatal nicotine exposure did not correlate with metabolite concentrations. These findings suggest that PNE may lead to subclinical abnormalities in glial development, especially in the basal ganglia, and regionally specific changes in other neurometabolites. These alterations were not influenced by the amount of nicotine exposure prenatally. However, the effects of PNE on energy metabolism may be sex specific, with greater alterations in girls.

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“…Schmitz et al (2000) also reported that the number of granular cells in the cerebellum increased during the postnatal period following prenatal application of low-dose X-irradiation. Chen et al (2003Chen et al ( , 2006 found that neither prenatal nor early postnatal nicotine exposure reduced the number of pyramidal, granular or Purkinje cells in the CNS. Contrary to expectations, nicotine exposure and X-irradiation caused an increase in the number of neurons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of prenatal exposure to diclofenac sodium and saline on the optic nerve of 4- and 20-week-old male rats: a stereological and histological study

Çolakoğlu

Aktaş

Raimondo

et al. 2013

Biotechnic & Histochemistry

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We investigated the effects of diclofenac sodium (DS) on development of the optic nerve in utero . Pregnant female rats were separated into three groups: control, saline treated and DS treated. Offspring of these animals were divided into 4-week-old and 20-week-old groups. At the end of the 4th and 20th weeks of postnatal life, the animals were sacrifi ced, and right optic nerves were excised and sectioned for ultrastructural and stereological analyses. We demonstrated that both DS and saline produced structural and morphometric changes in the total axon number and density of axons, but decreased the myelin sheath thickness in male optic nerves. All ultrastructural and morphometric features were well developed in 20-week-old rats. We showed that development of the optic nerve continues during the early postnatal period and that some compensation for exposure to deleterious agents in utero may occur during early postnatal life.

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Effects of nicotine exposure during prenatal or perinatal period on cell numbers in adult rat hippocampus and cerebellum: A stereology study

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

Prenatal Nicotine and Maternal Deprivation Stress De-Regulate the Development of CA1, CA3, and Dentate Gyrus Neurons in Hippocampus of Infant Rats

Prenatal Nicotine and Maternal Deprivation Stress De-Regulate the Development of CA1, CA3, and Dentate Gyrus Neurons in Hippocampus of Infant Rats

Lower Glial Metabolite Levels in Brains of Young Children with Prenatal Nicotine Exposure

Effects of prenatal exposure to diclofenac sodium and saline on the optic nerve of 4- and 20-week-old male rats: a stereological and histological study

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