Effects of NH+4‐N and NO+3‐N on growth and metabolism of Sphagnum magellanicum

Rudolph, Hansjörg; Voigt, Jan Uwe

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1986.tb02429.x

Cited by 82 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…This nutrient solution is very dilute compared with other nutrient solutions (Boatman & Lark, 1971), is well within the physiological range met by Sphagnum (Rudolph & Voigt, 1986), and has been successfully used for Sphagnum spore germination by Simon (1988). Spores were sown at a density of c. 6000 spores per plate (l 300 spores cm −# ), based on the spore number data of Sundberg & Rydin (1998), in 1 ml of the standard nutrient solution per dish.…”

Section: Field Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental evidence for a persistent spore bank in Sphagnum

Sundberg

Rydin

2000

New Phytologist

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Spore capsules of four Sphagnum species were buried at different depths in peat on a bog. Spore viability was determined after 0, 1, 2 and 3 yr. Viability generally declined with time, but viable spores were still found at all depths after 3 yr. The light-coloured spores of S. balticum and S. tenellum retained their viability better than the darker spores of S. fuscum and S. lindbergii. Survival was highest under wet but aerobic conditions, but was also high under humid or periodically desiccated conditions. By contrast, most spores stored under wet, anaerobic conditions died within 2-3 yr. These results, and predictions from them, are not consistent with earlier results for spores of long-lived and dominant bryophytes, or for seeds of phanerogams of undisturbed wetlands and forests. There was no correlation between spore size and longevity across species, but the small spores from small capsules of S. balticum and S. tenellum generally showed higher viability than those from the medium-sized and large capsules of the same species. This suggests a positive intraspecific relationship between longevity and dispersal distance. There was an indication of conditional dormancy, controlled by weather, in Sphagnum spores. The experiments indicate that Sphagnum spores can form a long-term persistent spore bank under suitable conditions, with a half-life of between 1 and 20 yr (mean across species of 2n6 and 5n0 yr at two depths studied), and with potential values in individual spore capsules of several decades, or even of centuries. Sphagnum spores kept refrigerated showed 15-35% viable spores after 13 yr. The capacity to form a persistent spore bank that can be activated whenever favourable conditions occur might help explain the wide geographical distribution of many Sphagnum species in the boreal and temperate zones, where they have managed to colonize almost every suitable patch of acidic, nutrient-poor wetland.

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Section: Field Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental evidence for a persistent spore bank in Sphagnum

Sundberg

Rydin

2000

New Phytologist

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“…According to Rudolph & Voigt (1986), concentrations of 95 µ for NH % + and 100 µ for NO $ − are the most suitable for growing S. magellanicum in a laboratory. In this study we used NO % NO $ as the only source of N because it contains equal molar amounts of both these two inorganic forms of N. A test solution containing 100 µ N (i.e.…”

Section:   mentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻ uptake in seven Sphagnum species

1998

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The rate of nitrogen uptake by seven Sphagnum species, which from a gradient from hummock to hollow and from ombrotrophic to minerotrophic conditions, was measured as the decrease in the concentrations of NH % + and NO $ − from solutions in which capitula were grown under laboratory conditions.The highest uptake rate was by individuals of each species with large capitula and a high number of ion exchange sites, i.e. lawn species (S. pulchrum, S. fallax, S. papillosum and S. magellanicum). On a dry-mass basis, the most effective species were the hummock species (S. fuscum and S. rubellum), even though these species have a low dry mass. Hummock species, which occur in high densities and have high potential N-uptake rates on a dry-mass basis, were the most effective species in retaining available nitrogen.

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“…It benefits plants at low concentrations but is toxic to many plants at high concentrations (Hecht and Mohr 1990;Cramer and Lewis 1993;Smolders et al, 1996). In general, free NH 3 decreases chlorophyll contents (Rudolph and Voigt 1986) and inhibits respiration and affects electron transport system of plant (Vines and Wedding, 1960). To prevent NH 4 + toxicity, many macrophytes decrease NH 4 + accumulation by incorporating it into free amino acids (FAA) and amines and/or by actively transporting it out of plant cells, which are processes requiring carbon (C) as energy and C-skeleton for FAA synthesis (Britto et al, 2001;Britto and Kronzucker 2002;Cao et al, 2009a), leading to imbalance of CN metabolism under NH 4 + stress, e.g., increases in NH 4 N and FAA and decreases in soluble carbohydrate (SC) and starch (Cao et al, 2009b;Zhang et al, 2010;Yuan et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%