Effects of Neurotrophic Factors on Growth and Glial Cell Alignment of Cultured Adult Spiral Ganglion Cells

Boström, Marja; Khalifa, Shaden A. M.; Boström, Henrik; Liu, Wei; Friberg, Ulla; Rask‐Andersen, Helge

doi:10.1159/000251915

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Along with SGN neurite contact guidance, it may also be advantageous to develop an understanding of SGSC response to cell relevant physical features due to their close association with SGNs and their processes[33,56,57]. For example, SGSCs closely associate with regenerative neurites in vitro and express neurotrophins such as BDNF and NT-3 that provide crucial trophic support to maintain SGN viability and support neurite growth[35,56,57].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, SGSCs closely associate with regenerative neurites in vitro and express neurotrophins such as BDNF and NT-3 that provide crucial trophic support to maintain SGN viability and support neurite growth[35,56,57]. Accordingly, the extent of SGSC alignment in response to patterns with constant periodicity but varied feature amplitude was evaluated by co-culturing SGSCs with SGNs on micropatterned HMA-co-HDDMA polymers with 1, 3, and 8 μm channel amplitudes and 50 μm periodicity (Fig 7E,F).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Photopolymerized microfeatures for directed spiral ganglion neurite and Schwann cell growth

Tuft

et al. 2013

Biomaterials

164

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Cochlear implants (CIs) provide auditory perception to individuals with severe hearing impairment. However, their ability to encode complex auditory stimuli is limited due, in part, to poor spatial resolution caused by electrical current spread in the inner ear. Directing nerve cell processes towards target electrodes may reduce the problematic current spread and improve stimulatory specificity. In this work, photopolymerization was used to fabricate micro- and nano-patterned methacrylate polymers to probe the extent of spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) neurite and Schwann cell (SGSC) contact guidance based on variations in substrate topographical cues. Micropatterned substrates are formed in a rapid, single-step reaction by selectively blocking light with photomasks which have parallel line-space gratings with periodicities of 10 – 100 μm. Channel amplitudes of 250 nm – 10 μm are generated by modulating UV exposure time, light intensity, and photoinitiator concentration. Gradual transitions are observed between ridges and grooves using scanning electron and atomic force microscopy. The transitions stand in contrast to vertical features generated via etching lithographic techniques. Alignment of neural elements increases significantly with increasing feature amplitude and constant periodicity, as well as with decreasing periodicity and constant amplitude. SGN neurite alignment strongly correlates (r = 0.93) with maximum feature slope. Multiple neuronal and glial types orient to the patterns with varying degrees of alignment. This work presents a method to fabricate gradually-sloping micropatterns for cellular contact guidance studies and demonstrates spatial control of inner ear neural elements in response to micro- and nano-scale surface topography.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photopolymerized microfeatures for directed spiral ganglion neurite and Schwann cell growth

Tuft

et al. 2013

Biomaterials

164

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“…Also, the presence of non-neuronal cells in the cultures may have indirectly influenced neuronal outgrowth and/or Slit responsiveness. Schwann cells express neurite-promoting neurotrophic factors and can modify spiral ganglion neurite outgrowth in vitro (Hansen et al, 2001; Bostrom et al, 2009; Whitlon et al, 2009; Jeon et al, 2011). In summary, SAG neurons are heterogeneous in their responsiveness to Slits, possibly due to the timing of their development, intrinsic differences in their preferred target (such as the anterior crista), or the in vitro culture conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A subset of chicken statoacoustic ganglion neurites are repelled by Slit1 and Slit2

Battisti¹,

Fantetti²,

Moyers³

et al. 2014

Hearing Research

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Mechanosensory hair cells in the chicken inner ear are innervated by bipolar afferent neurons of the statoacoustic ganglion (SAG). During development, individual SAG neurons project their peripheral process to only one of eight distinct sensory organs. These neuronal subtypes may respond differently to guidance cues as they explore the periphery in search of their target. Previous gene expression data suggested that Slit repellants might channel SAG neurites into the sensory primordia, based on the presence of robo transcripts in the neurons and the confinement of slit transcripts to the flanks of the prosensory domains. This led to the prediction that excess Slit proteins would impede the outgrowth of SAG neurites. As predicted, axonal projections to the primordium of the anterior crista were reduced 2-3 days after electroporation of either slit1 or slit2 expression plasmids into the anterior pole of the otocyst on embryonic day 3 (E3). The posterior crista afferents, which normally grow through and adjacent to slit expression domains as they are navigating towards the posterior pole of the otocyst, did not show Slit responsiveness when similarly challenged by ectopic delivery of slit to their targets. The sensitivity to ectopic Slits shown by the anterior crista afferents was more the exception than the rule: responsiveness to Slits was not observed when the entire E4 SAG was challenged with Slits for 40 hours in vitro. The corona of neurites emanating from SAG explants was unaffected by the presence of purified human Slit1 and Slit2 in the culture medium. Reduced axon outgrowth from E8 olfactory bulbs cultured under similar conditions for 24 hours confirmed bioactivity of purified human Slits on chicken neurons. In summary, differential sensitivity to Slit repellents may influence the directional outgrowth of otic axons toward either the anterior or posterior otocyst.

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“…In the early embryonic period, glial cells support neuronal survival, direct neuronal migration, and modify the growth of axons and dendrites. For example, ACs, OLs, and SCs secrete glial derived neurotrophic factor which promotes survival and neurite growth in a variety of neurons, including SGNs (Ylikoski et al, 1998, Altschuler et al, 1999, Rind and von Bartheld, 2002, Ernsberger, 2008, Bostrom et al, 2009). ErbB2 is required for SC development and ErbB2-null mice show a reduction in the number of afferent fibers innervating the cochlea (Morris et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the peripheral nervous system, SCs typically support regenerating axons. Cultured spiral ganglion Schwann cells (SGSCs) express brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), neurotrophins that support SGN survival and neurite growth, and growing SGN neurites preferentially associate with SGSCs in vitro (Hansen et al, 2001a, Bostrom et al, 2009, Whitlon et al, 2009). By contrast, inhibitory factors produced by central glia contribute to the limited ability of the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) axons to regenerate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of central glia on spiral ganglion neuron neurite growth

Jeon

et al. 2011

Neuroscience

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Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) extend processes that interact with Schwann cells (SCs) and with oligodendrocytes (OLs) and astrocytes (ACs). We investigated the ability of these glial cells to support SGN neurite growth. In the presence of cultured ACs, OLs and SCs, SGN neurites tended to follow SCs and OLs and cross-over ACs. Most neurites initially followed the type of glial cell on which the neuronal cell body was found. To determine the influence of homogeneous populations of glia on neurite growth, SG explants were plated on cultured SCs, ACs or OLs. The number of neurites/explant extending onto SCs (463.89±16.25) was significantly greater than the number extending onto ACs (111.38±38.73) or OLs (6.75±2.21), indicating that populations of central glia inhibit SGN neurite growth. Treatment with cell-permeant cpt-cAMP or forskolin (FSK) each significantly increased the number of neurites on OLs (133.54±25.59 and 292.25±83.57, respectively). cpt-cAMP and FSK each also increased the number of neurites on ACs (213.19± 36.06 and 208.64±59.25, respectively), however the difference was not significant compared with control. The neurites on ACs and OLs failed to grow radially in a well-fasciculated pattern as on SCs. In explants plated on the borders of cultured OL-SC or AC-SC groups, more neurites extended onto SCs compared with OLs and ACs. Conditioned media from OL or AC cultures did not reduce neurite length, implying that the inhibition of neurite growth by central glia is not due to soluble factors. Taken together, these results demonstrate that homogeneous populations of central glia inhibit SGN neurite growth.

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Effects of Neurotrophic Factors on Growth and Glial Cell Alignment of Cultured Adult Spiral Ganglion Cells

Cited by 20 publications

References 102 publications

Photopolymerized microfeatures for directed spiral ganglion neurite and Schwann cell growth

Photopolymerized microfeatures for directed spiral ganglion neurite and Schwann cell growth

A subset of chicken statoacoustic ganglion neurites are repelled by Slit1 and Slit2

Influence of central glia on spiral ganglion neuron neurite growth

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