Effects of nerve bundle geometry on neurotrauma evaluation

Abstract

We conclude that the insulation sheath of myelin constricts the membrane deformation and scatters plastic strains within the bundle, that larger bundles deform more than small bundles, and that small fibers tolerate a higher level of elongation before mechanical failure.

Tuning the Cell and Biological Tissue Environment through Magneto-Active Materials

“…These ideas were then taken by Jerusalem and co-authors and incorporated into 1D [60,61] and 3D [62] finite element frameworks to explore the effects of mechanical deformation and strain rate on axonal electrophysiology. In addition, alternative 3D non-axisymmetric mechano-electrophysiological models have been proposed [63][64][65]. Finally, in a recent series of works, Garcia-Gonzalez and co-authors have proposed novel mechanistic energy-based criteria to link mechanical effects directly to medium-term cognitive deficits [57] and alterations in the electrophysiological behaviour at tissue scale [2,57].…”

Head-to-nerve analysis of electromechanical impairments of diffuse axonal injury

“…Current research interests in brain modelling aim at understanding head injury (Dixit 2017;Garcia-Gonzalez 2018;Samaka 2013;Horgan 2004Horgan , 2003Young 2015), axonal injury (Cinelli 2017a(Cinelli , 2017b(Cinelli , 2017cGarcia-Grajales 2015;Mohammadipour 2017;, sport concussions (McCrory 2017), neuronal morphology (Abdellah 2018;Kanari 2018), and brain connectivity (Wazen 2014) when medical conditions are present, such as Alzheimer's disease, depression and epilepsy (Wazen 2014). Brain models vary according to application (Dixit 2017;Samaka 2013), and can be based on computed tomography and magnetic resonance tomography images (Horgan 2004(Horgan , 2003 or can be based on magnetic resonance imaging (Garcia-Gonzalez 2017Wazen 2014).…”

“…Accuracy and precision of finite element models of the brain are achieved by design, where the brain anatomy is replicated by the inclusion of a certain number of layers, and where material properties aim to conform to reality (Dixit 2017;Samaka 2013). However, most macro-scale brain models do not account for a detailed representation of the micro-scale structure of nervous cells to limit the computational cost (Dixit 2017;Samaka 2013;Mohammadipour 2017;, although cell models have been developed in this regard (Abdellah 2018;Cinelli 2017aCinelli , 2017bGarcia-Grajales 2015;Kanari 2018;Mohammadipour 2017;. Recent published works of finite element models of nervous cells tend to simulate both the mechanical structure and the functionality of the cell (Cinelli 2017a(Cinelli , 2017bGarcia-Grajales 2015;Mohammadipour 2017), as its relevance has been demonstrated in experimental works (Galbraith 1993;El Hady 2015;Mosgaard 2015;Mueller 2014;Zhang 2001).…”

“…(ii) at the microscale, the structural and functional changes of complex electro-mechanical impairments at the cellular level are simulated by using a 3D coupled electromechanical Nerve Bundle Model (Cinelli 2017a(Cinelli , 2017b. These models replicate the brain macro-environment and the neural micro-environment, respectively.…”

“…Recent experimental evidence of neural activity highlights complex electro-mechanical phenomena happening at the nerve membrane layer (Alvarez 1978;Cinelli 2017aCinelli , 2017Galbraith 1993;Geddes 2003;Mueller 2014;Zhang 2001) during signalling (Mosgaard 2015;Zhang 2001). The inclusion of an accurate representation of DAI-related electrophysiological impairments is needed to improve diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of related pathologies Lajtha 2009;Ma 2016;.…”