Effects of neonatal thyroxine and hydrocortisone administration on the development of dendritic spines in the visual cortex of rats

Schapiro, Shawn; Vukovich, Katherine; Globus, Albert

doi:10.1016/0014-4886(73)90074-5

Cited by 39 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…He also found that the effect of DR plus LE was most prominent at P30, with light exposure beginning at P20. Because the developmental time course of spine formation in mouse and rat is nearly identical (Valverde, 1971;Schapiro et al, 1973), we chose to work within the same age range that Valverde found to be optimal. Furthermore, the period P20 -P30 corresponds with the peak of physiological plasticity in layer 2/3 of acutely prepared slices of rat visual cortex (Kirkwood et al, 1995), and in vivo (Fagiolini et al, 1994).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Morphological Correlate of Synaptic Scaling in Visual Cortex

Wallace¹,

Bear²

2004

J. Neurosci.

134

115

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We studied the response of dendritic spines in the thalamic-recipient zone of rat visual cortex to simple manipulations of the visual environment. We measured the morphologies of a total of 3824 spines located on the basal dendrites of 60 layer 3 pyramidal cells. As expected from previous studies, we found a significantly lower spine density in dark-reared animals at postnatal day 30 (P30) compared with light-reared controls. Additional analysis revealed that the spines in dark-reared animals were significantly shorter and more bulbous than in light-reared animals. When these two results were combined, we found that the total synaptic area per unit length of dendrite was conserved, compatible with the phenomenon of "synaptic scaling." We also found that the increase in average spine head diameter is reversed by 10 d of light exposure (starting at P20), but surprisingly, the decrease in spine density is not. Thus, not all effects of dark rearing can be reversed by subsequent visual experience, even when the experience occurs during the third postnatal week.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Morphological Correlate of Synaptic Scaling in Visual Cortex

Wallace¹,

Bear²

2004

J. Neurosci.

134

115

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“…Proliferation of dendritic spines [27] is delayed, development of the blood brain bar rier is retarded, and the developmental rise of brain serotonin is slowed [32]. Changes lasting until adulthood include impaired immuno logical response to some antigens [24], a re duction in body weight [9,13,18,22], and a reduction in brain size and DNA con tent [9],…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Neonatal Hydrocortisone Treatment on Pituitary and Adrenocortical Response to Stress in Young Rats

Erskine¹,

Geller²,

Yuwiler³

1979

Neuroendocrinology

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Administration of corticosteroids to rat pups within the first several days of life results in retardation of several behavioral, neurophysiological, and biochemical developmental patterns. At 25 days of age, animals treated neonatally with 1.0, 0.5, or 0.1 mg hydrocortisone acetate showed dose-dependent decreases in plasma ACTH following 2.5 min continuous exposure to ether. On day 20, plasma corticosterone values did not differ between these groups 15 min after ether stress, but lower values were seen 60 min after ether in animals treated at birth with 0.5 mg hydrocortisone. At 45-48 days of age, hydrocortisone-treated animals exposed to one of 2 different stressors showed decreased plasma corticosterone response to stress; females had lower corticosterone levels following both stressors, while males showed suppressed corticosterone levels following exposure to the mild (novelty) but not to the intense (ether) stress. These data demonstrate that neonatal exposure to hydrocortisone results in decreased CNS-pituitary responsivity to stress at 20–25 days of age, and that the adrenocortical response to stress is impaired at 45–48 days of age.

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“…Most of the studies carried out on the reversibility of the alterations induced by hypothyroidism in brain of experimental an imals rest on histological, functional and morphological bases [1,3,11]. In this work, the degree of recovery of hypothyroid ani mals after replacement therapy has been studied at an enzymatic level, following cri teria confirmed at a hormonal level by other authors [12][13][14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, for this treatment to be effective it has to be applied in a critical period of development [1,2], The limits of the critical period are variable. Sha piro et al [3] and Naidoo et al [4] place it between the first 10-14 days of life, although the thyroid hormones influence a decrease progressively until the 5th-6th week of life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activities of Glycolytic Enzymes in Some Brain Areas of Thyroidectomized Rats and Their Response to Replacement Therapy

Sabell¹,

Morata²,

Quesada³

et al. 1987

Enzyme

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Glycolytic metabolism has been assessed by studying a set of key enzymes, in anterior cortex, amygdala, hypothalamus septum and hippocampus, in thyroidectomized rats. The reversibility of the changes induced by the thyroidectomy has been assessed by replacement therapy. In thyroidectomized rats the hexokinase activity was significantly decreased in anterior cortex and hypothalamus. The increase in phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase activity was probably due to an increase in cellular energy requirements. Hexokinase activity was best restored by treatment with L-thyroxine (T(4)) or T(4) + propylthiouracil (PTU). The low response of pyruvate kinase activity in all treated animals could suggest that this metabolic step is the least reversible.

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Effects of neonatal thyroxine and hydrocortisone administration on the development of dendritic spines in the visual cortex of rats

Cited by 39 publications

References 9 publications

A Morphological Correlate of Synaptic Scaling in Visual Cortex

A Morphological Correlate of Synaptic Scaling in Visual Cortex

Effects of Neonatal Hydrocortisone Treatment on Pituitary and Adrenocortical Response to Stress in Young Rats

Activities of Glycolytic Enzymes in Some Brain Areas of Thyroidectomized Rats and Their Response to Replacement Therapy

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