Effects of neonatal surgical castration and immunocastration in male pigs on blood T lymphocytes and health markers

Leclercq, Caroline; Prunier, Armelle; Merlot, Elodie

doi:10.1017/s1751731114000445

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, these sex-based differences were not observed in Iberian pigs, with the exception of ADA enzyme that appeared higher in males in the finishing stage. This lack of sex differentiation on the levels of markers could be related to the castration of male Iberian pigs that could have caused a low androgenic influence on the immune system and a less aggressive behavior (46). The higher ADA values observed in male finishing Iberian pigs in comparison to females could have been influenced by other factors that should be further studied, since no explanation could be established with the actual data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine Breed, Sex, and Production Stage Influence the Levels of Health Status Biomarkers in Saliva Samples

Sánchez¹,

García

Ruiz

et al. 2019

Front. Vet. Sci.

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In this study, the influence of several factors such as breed, sex, and production stage over the normal range values of salivary biomarkers of health status was evaluated in pigs. A total of 409 pigs of 2 different breeds (conventional Large White × Duroc and Iberian pigs) were included in the study. Animals were divided into different groups according to their sex (male or female) and the stage of the production cycle they were in (post-weaning, nursery, fattening, and finishing). The levels of an inflammatory marker, adenosine deaminase (ADA), and two acute phase proteins, C-reactive protein (CRP) and haptoglobin (Hp) were measured in saliva samples. Moreover, the total antioxidant capacity level (TAC) was quantified for the first time in porcine saliva; therefore, an analytical validation and stability analysis during storage at −80°C were also performed. Differences according to breed were observed for all the markers studied; thus, the influence of age and sex on the normal range values were studied separately for conventional and Iberian pigs. In Large White × Duroc pigs the overall median values of ADA, CRP, Hp and TAC were 282 U/L, 10.49 ng/mL, 0.88 μg/mL, and 21.73 μM Trolox equivalents, respectively. However, higher values of inflammatory marker and acute phase proteins were observed in males at the initial stages of the production cycle, while females presented higher values when they had reached sexual maturity. In Iberian pigs the overall median values observed were 585 U/L, 4.81 ng/mL, 0.63 μg/mL, and 21.21 μM Trolox equivalents for ADA, CRP, Hp, and TAC respectively with slight differences in the influence of the studied factors. Sex differences were not observed in the levels of acute phase proteins in Iberian pigs, probably due to the castration of males during the first days of life; however, ADA levels were found to be higher in male pigs at the end of the production cycle. It could be concluded that breed, sex, and production stage influence the range values of salivary markers of health status in pigs and should be taken into account to further establish reference intervals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine Breed, Sex, and Production Stage Influence the Levels of Health Status Biomarkers in Saliva Samples

Sánchez¹,

García

Ruiz

et al. 2019

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…However, studies in male mice confirm blood lymphocyte subsets showed a decreasing trend after GnRH agonist administration in pre-pubertal males, while no differences were observed in post-pubertal males (31). Immunization against GnRH didn't alter the percentages of CD3+, CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes in male pigs (53), wheares, increased the number of CD3+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes initially in the peripheral blood, and eventually restored the T lymphocytes to normal levels in rats (37). GnRH antagonist treatment decreased the percentage of CD4+CD25+ cells, reduced mitogen-induced CD8 T cells IFN-g expression, but didn't affected the ratio of CD4 to CD8 T cells in adult males (32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Effect of GnRH immunocastration on immune function in male rats

Pan

Du²,

Tian³

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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The present study aimed to reveal the effects of immunocastration on the development of the immune system in rats. Seventy rats were randomly assigned into two groups: Control (n = 35) and immunized (n = 35). Twenty-day-old rats were immunized with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and booster immunization was administered every two weeks (three immunizations in total). From 20-day-old rats, we collected samples every two weeks, including five immunized rats and five control rats (seven collections in total). We collected blood samples, testicles, thymuses, and spleens. The results showed that GnRH immunization increased the GnRH antibody titers and reduced the testosterone concentration (both P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the number of CD4+CD8− cells, CD4−CD8+ cells, and CD4+CD8+ cells increased (P < 0.05) whereas the number of CD4-CD8- cells and CD4+CD25+ cells reduced in the immunized group (P < 0.05) over time. GnRH immunization also increased the relative weights of thymus and spleen (P < 0.05), serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) over time (P < 0.05), and changed the mRNA levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6. IL-10, IL-17, IFN-γ, CD4, D8, CD19 GnRH, and GnRH receptor (GnRH-R) in thymus and spleen. Thus, GnRH immunization enhanced the immune markers in thymus, spleen, and blood immune cytokines in rats.

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“…However, this procedure in the swine species is still recurrent is some countries, such as Brazil, due to the androsterone, a steroid produced in the animal's testicles during sexual maturity, which exhales an unpleasant smell during the cooking of the meat which causes rejection of the meat by the consumers (Iocca et al, 2015). In this context, studies are necessary for the development of viable alternatives to the conventional surgical castration of male piglets, still practiced in the majority of swine farms in Brazil and, largely, without the use of anesthetic drugs (Leclercq et al, 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of piglet castration with nonsurgical sterilant on the zootechnical performance and pork carcass quality

Lucas

Siqueira

Haguiwara

et al. 2016

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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A non-surgical sterilant (NSS) was used with the objective of assessing the zootechnical performance, carcass and meat quality, and hormone levels. 90 male piglets were selected with birthweights varying between 1.5kg to 2.0kg. The control group was constituted of 45 males castrated by the conventional surgical method, at the seventh day of age, and the treated group was constituted of 45 males castrated with NSS (active principle of zinc gluconate in the concentration of 26.2mg/mL associated to the dimethyl sulfoxide at 0.5%), with the application of the first dose on the seventh day of age and the second dose on the fourteenth day of age. The zootechnical assessments were carried out on the farm and consisted: weight gain in the periods per animal and feed conversion. The slaughter of the animals and the assessment of the carcass and meat quality and hormone levels were carried out in a slaughterhouse and the municipality of Campinas (SP). The study demonstrated that the use of NSS was a viable alternative in relation to the zootechnical performance and the carcass quality. In relation to the meat quality there was no significant difference in the majority of the assessed parameters.Keywords: swine, zinc gluconate, androstenone, feed conversion, carcass yield RESUMO Foi utilizado esterilizante não cirúrgico (ENC) com

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Effects of neonatal surgical castration and immunocastration in male pigs on blood T lymphocytes and health markers

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Porcine Breed, Sex, and Production Stage Influence the Levels of Health Status Biomarkers in Saliva Samples

Porcine Breed, Sex, and Production Stage Influence the Levels of Health Status Biomarkers in Saliva Samples

Effect of GnRH immunocastration on immune function in male rats

Effect of piglet castration with nonsurgical sterilant on the zootechnical performance and pork carcass quality

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