Effects of neighbourhood morphological characteristics on outdoor daylight and insights for sustainable urban design

Pan, Wenjian; Du, Jianqing

doi:10.1080/13467581.2020.1870472

Cited by 27 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Recent studies have also presented evidence regarding the impact of urban morphology on building energy demand, thermal energy generation, daylighting, indoor thermal comfort, and outdoor thermal comfort (Chokhachian et al, 2020;Pan and Du, 2021;Wang et al, 2021;Giostra et al, 2022). Using a generative approach to produce different parametric models of urban forms, Chokhachian et al (2020) explored the relationship between density metrics representing these forms and outdoor solar access.…”

Section: Solar Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Orientation has an insignificant impact on the solar potential, as vertical surfaces receive more diffuse and reflected radiation than horizontal surfaces. Using a different methodological approach compared to the aforementioned studies, Pan and Du (2022) investigated the relationship of urban form density metrics with outdoor solar access, which was represented by horizontal illuminance levels (HIL) and site illuminance uniformity (SUo), by measuring these metrics onsite using digital equipment. The study found that Sky View Factor (SVF), Mean Building Height (MBH), and vertical uniformity are positively correlated with HIL and SUI, while Building Coverage Ratio (BCR) and Floor Area Ratio (FAR) are negatively correlated with these metrics.…”

Section: Solar Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A least squares regression-based approach in the investigation of the influence of density metrics of 14 distinct Toronto neighbourhoods on the roof and facade solar potential

Hasan,

Zheng,

Horvat

2023

Front. Built Environ.

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Introduction: This Toronto-based study explores how density metrics relate to the solar potential of rooftops and facades of buildings in neighbourhoods differentiated by their use classifications. In the context of Toronto’s 2040 Net Zero Strategy, this research contributes insight on identifying neighbourhood types in Toronto that are suitable for undergoing retrofits of active solar technologies.Methods: The methodological approach adopted in this investigation mainly entails the selection of representative neighbourhood archetypes in the city; compilation of density metrics representing the neighbourhood morphological form and conducting solar analysis and regression assessments using relevant computational tools. By identifying 14 distinct neighbourhood archetypes and examining 20 relevant density metrics, the variation of roof and façade solar potential has been evaluated through a least squares regression-based approach.Results: The findings indicate a negative correlation between certain density metrics, such as the standard deviation of height, plot density, nearest neighbour ratio, and complexity with the roof solar potential, thereby demonstrating that certain neighbourhoods such as those categorized as Employment or Institutional may be more suitable for active solar technologies retrofits. Additionally, there is no significant relationship between most density metrics and façade solar irradiance, apart from the open space ratio, which only affects it moderately. Façade solar potential is unique to building position and orientation and can vary non-uniformly across neighbourhood-use classifications based on the extent of overshadowing inherent to that configuration.Discussion: The study provides valuable insights for urban planning and neighbourhood design, specifically in terms of density metrics that need to be considered when opting for active solar technology retrofits of existing Toronto neighbourhoods. Additionally, the study’s methodological approach can be emulated as a framework for future research exploring neighbourhood archetypes in other cities and climatic conditions. The findings of this research also contribute to promoting sustainable energy transition in Toronto’s neighbourhoods.

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Section: Solar Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Solar Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

A least squares regression-based approach in the investigation of the influence of density metrics of 14 distinct Toronto neighbourhoods on the roof and facade solar potential

Hasan,

Zheng,

Horvat

2023

Front. Built Environ.

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“…Within the realm of visual perception research, visual comfort includes not only a suitable light environment but also other visual perception factors. However, existing studies have predominantly focused on light environment indicators, such as illuminance and daylight uniformity [15,16], rather than visual evaluation. Owing to limitations in technology and equipment, research on the visual evaluation of other elements in the architectural visual environment, such as geometry, material, and color is limited [17].…”

Section: Correlation Between Visual Perception and Environmental Eval...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Perception Optimization of Residential Leisure Space in Cold Regions Using Virtual Reality and Machine Learning

Li,

Huang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The visual perception of leisure spaces between residences in cold regions is important for public health. To compensate for the existing researches` lack of ignoring the cold snow season`s influence, this study selected two types of outdoor leisure space environments in non-snow and snow seasons as research objects. An eye tracker combined with a Semantic Difference (SD) questionnaire was used to verify the feasibility of the application of virtual reality technology, screen out leisure gaze characteristics, and reveal the environmental factors related to leisure visual perception. In snow season, spatial aspect ratio (SAR), building elevation saturation (BS), and grass proportion in the field of view (GP) showed strong correlation to the leisure visual perception scores (W). In non-snow season, apart from the above three factors, roof height difference (RHD), tall tree height (TTH) and color contrast (HC) also influenced W obviously. The effects of factors on W were revealed in immersive virtual en-vironment (IVE) orthogonal experiments and genetic algorithm (GA) and k-nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN) were combined to optimized the environmental factors. The optimized threshold ranges in the non-snow season environment were SAR: 1.82‒2.15, RHD: 10.81 m‒20.09 m, BS: 48.53‒61.01, TTH: 14.18 m‒18.29 m, GP: 0.12‒0.15, and HC: 18.64‒26.83. In the snow season environment, the optimized threshold ranges were SAR: 2.22‒2.54, BS: 68.47‒82.34, and GP: 0.1‒0.14.

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“…Regarding acoustics, soundscape (the acoustic environment as perceived by a person in context) research has been growing recently (Aletta et al 2019), with several studies using this approach to evaluate acoustic comfort in urban environments (Zhao et al 2018;Mascolo et al 2020;Mancini et al 2021;Jo and Jeon 2021a;Yang et al 2022). Concerning the visual domain, outdoor glare and over lighting are typically associated with visual discomfort (Brotas and Wienold 2019;Pan and Du 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-domain human-oriented approach to evaluate human comfort in outdoor environments

et al. 2022

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Human comfort outdoors is widely investigated, but most studies explore the comfort domains singularly. This paper aimed to evaluate human comfort in parks, verifying the importance of using a multi-domain (simultaneously evaluating thermal, visual, acoustic, and air quality) and multi-disciplinary (combining environmental and social fields) approach. A walk through a pre-defined path from one park to another was repeated twice per day on four consecutive days in June, with three participants per walk. The two investigated parks are in central Italy and were chosen because they differ in their design and spatial characteristics. Environmental data were recorded with an innovative wearable device during the whole walk, and surveys were used to assess people’s perceptions of the parks. Despite observed differences in collected physical parameters, the survey’s responses were similar, and different comfort domains showed dependence on each other in the two parks. Logistic regression models were developed for each park, and they revealed that the qualitative information predicted the overall comfort level more accurately than the environmental data. In detail, the models based on environmental data resulted in R2 equal to 0.126 and 0.111 in Parks 1 and 2, respectively, whereas using the survey answers increased it up to 0.820 (Park 1) and 0.806 (Park 2). This study contributes to addressing the gap in multi-domain comfort studies outdoors and confirms the importance of using multi-disciplinary and multi-domain approaches for a complete comfort analysis, supporting holistic human-biometeorology-oriented models and forecasting opportunities that can promote improvements in urban environmental quality and liveability.

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Effects of neighbourhood morphological characteristics on outdoor daylight and insights for sustainable urban design

Cited by 27 publications

References 61 publications

A least squares regression-based approach in the investigation of the influence of density metrics of 14 distinct Toronto neighbourhoods on the roof and facade solar potential

A least squares regression-based approach in the investigation of the influence of density metrics of 14 distinct Toronto neighbourhoods on the roof and facade solar potential

Visual Perception Optimization of Residential Leisure Space in Cold Regions Using Virtual Reality and Machine Learning

Multi-domain human-oriented approach to evaluate human comfort in outdoor environments

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