Effects of negative incentive shifts in food reward on rats' consumption of concurrent ethanol solutions

Sawyer, Leslie E.; Galuska, Chad M.; Cutright, Ellie J.; Hopper, Kayce M.

doi:10.1002/jeab.559

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Thus, the data for pausing, but not escaping, were similar to those typically found with FR schedules. Recently published data showing that schedule-induced ethanol consumption in rats can be precipitated by rich-to-lean transitions under FR schedules of food presentation is consistent with this conclusion (Sawyer, Galuska, Cutright, & Hopper, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Transitions From Rich-to-Lean Schedules Increase Attack in a Laboratory Model of Social Aggression in Pigeons: Ii. Fixed-Interval Schedules.

Pitts

Hughes²,

Williams³

2019

RMAC

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Pigeons key pecked under two-component multiple fixed-interval (FI) schedules. Each component provided a different reinforcer magnitude (small or large), signaled by the color of the key light. Attacks toward a live, protected target pigeon were measured. Large- (rich) and small- (lean) reinforcer components alternated irregularly such that four different interval types (transitions) between the size of the immediately preceding reinforcer and the size of the upcoming reinforcer occurred within each session: lean-to-lean, lean-to-rich, rich-to-lean, and rich-torich transitions. The FI for each component was the same within each phase, but was manipulated across phases. For all pigeons, more attack occurred following the presentations of the larger reinforcer (i.e., during rich-to-lean and rich-to-rich transitions). For 2 of the 3 pigeons, this effect was modulated by the size of the upcoming reinforcer; attack following larger reinforcers was elevated when the upcoming reinforcer was small (i.e., during rich-to-lean transitions). This rich-to-lean effect on attack diminished or disappeared as the length of the FI schedule was increased (i.e., control over attack by the upcoming reinforcer size diminished with increases in the inter-reinforcement interval). For all pigeons and at all FIs, however, postreinforcement pauses were longest during the rich-to-lean transitions. These data (1) are consistent with the notion that postreinforcement periods during intermittent schedules function aversively and, thus, can precipitate aggressive behavior, and (2) suggest that rich-to-lean conditions may be especially aversive. They also indicate, however, that aversive effects of rich-to-lean transitions may differ across fixed-ratio (FR) and FI schedules, and that variables controlling attacking and pausing may not be isomorphic between these different schedule types.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Transitions From Rich-to-Lean Schedules Increase Attack in a Laboratory Model of Social Aggression in Pigeons: Ii. Fixed-Interval Schedules.

Pitts

Hughes²,

Williams³

2019

RMAC

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“…Further, such arrangements have also set the occasion for increased consumption of concurrently available ethanol or chlordiazepoxide solutions (Becker & Flaherty, 1983; Donaire et al, 2020; Lerma‐Cabrera et al, 2019; cf . Sawyer et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Falk, 1971) during rich‐to‐lean arrangements. In such studies, rich‐to‐lean transitions increased rates of adjunctive attack (Pitts et al, 2019; Williams et al, 2019) and fluid consumption (water and sucrose solution, Galuska & Sawyer, 2017; ethanol, Sawyer et al, 2019) relative to other transition types.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chlordiazepoxide on pausing during rich‐to‐lean transitions

Langford

Batchelder

Haste

et al. 2021

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Extended pausing during discriminable transitions from rich-to-lean conditions can be viewed as escape (i.e., rich-to-lean transitions function aversively). Thus, an anxiolytic drug would be predicted to mitigate the aversiveness and decrease pausing. In the current experiment, pigeons' key pecking was maintained by a multiple fixed-ratio fixed-ratio schedule of rich (i.e., larger) or lean (i.e., smaller) reinforcers. Intermediate doses (3.0-10.0 mg/kg) of chlordiazepoxide differentially decreased median pauses during rich-to-lean transitions. Relatively small decreases in pauses occurred during lean-to-lean and rich-to-rich transitions. Effects of chlordiazepoxide on pausing occurred without appreciable effects on run rates. These findings suggest that signaled rich-to-lean transitions function aversively.

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“…Because we cannot force the pigeon to start work on the FR schedule, we must seek other ways to measure the disruptive effects of richlean transitions. An interesting possibility is suggested by the research showing that pigeons will engage in social aggression (Pitts et al, 2019;Williams et al, 2019) and rats will consume ethanol (Sawyer et al, 2019) during the rich-lean transition. Will advance notice of a lean component affect the likelihood, duration, or intensity of the aggression or ethanol consumption?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of advance notice on transition‐related pausing in pigeons

Toegel

Perone

2021

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Transitions between tasks can produce behavioral disruptions that are characterized as problematic. Advance notice, a procedure designed to reduce disruptions, involves presenting a stimulus to warn of the end of the ongoing activity and the nature of the upcoming activity. Clinical evaluations of advance notice have produced mixed results. We studied advance notice in a controlled laboratory setting. Pigeons' keypecking was maintained on a multiple schedule with 2 fixed-ratio components. In the lean component, completing the ratio produced brief access to food; in the rich component, completing the ratio produced longer access. Disruptions in operant behavior, measured as pauses in pecking, were reliably produced in the transition from a rich component to a lean one. Advance notice was provided by flashing the houselight before transitions to lean components. Advance notice did not reduce pausing in the rich-lean transition; instead, it tended to increase it. When the flashing houselight warned of a transition but was equally likely to be followed by the rich component as the lean one, the stimulus had no reliable effect on pausing. Despite its limitations as a translational model of clinical settings, this experiment suggests that clinical use of advance notice should be approached with caution.

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Effects of negative incentive shifts in food reward on rats' consumption of concurrent ethanol solutions

Cited by 5 publications

References 55 publications

Transitions From Rich-to-Lean Schedules Increase Attack in a Laboratory Model of Social Aggression in Pigeons: Ii. Fixed-Interval Schedules.

Transitions From Rich-to-Lean Schedules Increase Attack in a Laboratory Model of Social Aggression in Pigeons: Ii. Fixed-Interval Schedules.

Effects of chlordiazepoxide on pausing during rich‐to‐lean transitions

Effects of advance notice on transition‐related pausing in pigeons

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