Effects of neem oil (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on midgut cells of predatory larvae Ceraeochrysa claveri (Navás, 1911) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

Fluorescence Localization and Comparative Ultrastructural Study of Periplocoside NW from Periploca sepium Bunge in the Midgut of the Oriental Amyworm, Mythimna separata Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

“…The midgut is the main target organ for many xenobiotics, which not only include dietary substances from plants [12], but also bacterial endotoxins [13]. According to previous studies, the indirect ingestion of neem oil by prey can result in severe alterations in the midgut, such as the direct cytotoxic effects of neem oil on the midgut cells of Ceraeochrysa claveri (Navás) larvae [14]. …”

Fine structure of the midgut of Sinopanorpa tincta (Navás) (Mecoptera: Panorpidae)

“…Endocrine cells have been described in many holometabolous insects (Billingsley, 1990;Cruz et al, 2013;de Sousa and Conte, 2013;Scudeler and dos Santos, 2013), and are in charge of enzyme secretion (Chapman, 1998). Immunohistochemical studies show that the endocrine cells produce peptide hormones in the midgut of insects (Iwanaga et al, 1981).…”

“…In general, the midgut epithelium of insects is composed of digestive and regenerative cells along other types of cells (Lehane, 1998;Rost-Roszkowska and Undrul, 2008). In the holometabolous insects, the midgut epithelium consists of digestive, regenerative, and endocrine cells in Hymenoptera (Cruz et al, 2013), Diptera (Billingsley, 1990), Coleoptera (de Sousa and Conte, 2013), and Neuroptera (Scudeler and dos Santos, 2013), and also has goblet cells in Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera (Bution and Caetano, 2010;Gomes et al, 2013). The midgut epithelium of the Mecoptera, however, has rarely been investigated to date.…”

Efficacy of Major Plant Extracts/Molecules on Field Insect Pests

“…Feldhege and Schmutterer ( 1993 ) recorded a considerable reduction in the degree of parasitism by E. formosa against azadirachtin-exposed T. vaporariorum pupae. A recent study by Scudeler and Dos Santos ( 2013 ) on Ceraeochrysa claveri , a natural enemy of several pests, such as whitefl ies, thrips, lepidopteran pests, aphids, and mites (Pappas et al 2011 ), demonstrated severe alterations in their midgut cells by the indirect ingestion of neem oil-treated prey. In contrast to these mild negative effects, neem products contribute to a favourable prey/predator ratio and help provide a healthy functioning ecosystem (El Shafi e and Basedow 2003 ).…”