Effects of nedocromil and salbutamol on airway reactivity in children with asthma

Pfleger, Andreas; Eber, Ernst; Weinhandl, Elisabeth; Zach, M

doi:10.1183/09031936.02.00692002

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…67 As the bronchi are not as effective as the nose to rewarm and humidify the unconditioned air, dehydration of the airways occurs, and the airways surface liquid osmolarity increases. 33,[68][69][70][71][72] Epithelial damage is also believed to contribute to the development of EIB in athletes. However, the exact mechanism resulting in the disruption of the epithelium is unknown.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Exercise-induced Bronchoconstriction Developmementioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise and Asthma

Côté

Turmel

Boulet

2018

Semin Respir Crit Care Med

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Transient airway narrowing can occur during or following exercise, a phenomenon called exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). The main mechanism of EIB is considered to be airway dehydration, resulting from increased ventilation during exercise. In asthma, such water loss causes an increase in airway fluid osmolarity, inducing airway smooth muscle contraction following the release of mediators from airway inflammatory cells. Asthmatics frequently experience EIB, but it may also be observed in others not reporting asthma symptoms, particularly elite endurance athletes. Individuals with asthma often refrain from performing physical exercise because they fear troublesome respiratory symptoms. However, in addition to its well-known cardiovascular and metabolic benefits, physical training has been shown to be beneficial for asthmatic adults and children in improving asthma control and asthma-related quality of life. Exercise training also reduces the risk of asthma exacerbations, improves exercise capacity, and decreases frequency and severity of EIB. To minimize the risk of EIB, asthma must be well controlled, and specific pharmacological and nonpharmacological preventative measures can be taken. Counterintuitively, in high-level athletes, the development of asthma, airway hyperresponsiveness, and EIB can be promoted by intense training over many years following exposure to environmental conditions, such as cold air, pollutants, and allergens. As for nonathletes, athletes must have optimal asthma control and apply preventative measures against EIB, taking into account antidoping regulations for asthma medications. A better understanding of the impact of exercise on asthma should improve the overall care of asthmatic patients.

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Section: Mechanisms Of Exercise-induced Bronchoconstriction Developmementioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise and Asthma

Côté

Turmel

Boulet

2018

Semin Respir Crit Care Med

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“…Among the various anti-asthma drugs, inhaled β 2 -adrenergic agonists (46,(48)(49)(50), nedocromil sodium (50-52) and leukotriene receptor antagonists (49,53,54) are capable of attenuating cold-air hyperventilation-provoked bronchoconstriction. The histamine-1 receptor antagonists (55,56) and anticholinergic drugs (57) seem to be rather ineffective in this setting.…”

Section: Cold Air-provoked Short-term Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold air-provoked respiratory symptoms: the mechanisms and management

Koskela

2007

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

185

137

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Objectives. To describe the mechanisms and management of cold air-provoked respiratory symptoms. Study design. A literature review. Methods. The review includes human epidemiological studies, human and animal experimental studies, as well as human studies about management of the cold air-provoked respiratory symptoms. Results. Cold air is unlikely to be a causal factor initiating respiratory diseases but a symptom trigger. In the present review, the airway responses beyond these symptoms were divided into three types. The short-term responses are those that develop within minutes in response to sudden cooling of the airways. Subjects with asthma or rhinitis are especially prone to these responses. The long-term responses are those that develop in response to repeated and longstanding cooling and drying of the airways, usually in endurance athletes. Finally, there are the physiological, reflex-mediated lower-airway responses to cooling of the skin or upper airways. Conclusions. The mechanisms beyond cold air-provoked respiratory symptoms vary considerably and mainly depend on the individual's susceptibility and the ventilation level during the cold exposure. An understanding of these mechanisms is essential for successful management of the symptoms. (Int J Circumpolar Health 2007; 66(2) [91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100]

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