Effects of Nanoparticles and Surfactant Charge Groups on the Properties of Ves Gel

Chauhan, Geetanjali; Ojha, Keka; Baruah, Atrayee

doi:10.1590/0104-6632.20170341s20150094

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In addition, smart wormlike micelles (WLMs) or smart self-organized structures, can be used in a myriad of applications within the oil and gas industry, including hydraulic fracturing, emulsions, polymer, surfactant, and foam flooding [ 15 , 32 ]. Nowadays, investigation is carried out to develop WLMs that respond to external stimuli for the ease to control visco-elasticity [ 33 , 34 ]. The VES fluids are known as the clean fracturing fluids as the fluid does not generate any residue after gel breaking, which can reduce the formation damage [ 20 , 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation and Performance Evaluation of Modified Viscoelastic Surfactant (VES) as a New Thickening Fracturing Fluid

et al. 2020

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In hydraulic fracturing, fracturing fluids are used to create fractures in a hydrocarbon reservoir throughout transported proppant into the fractures. The application of many fields proves that conventional fracturing fluid has the disadvantages of residue(s), which causes serious clogging of the reservoir’s formations and, thus, leads to reduce the permeability in these hydrocarbon reservoirs. The development of clean (and cost-effective) fracturing fluid is a main driver of the hydraulic fracturing process. Presently, viscoelastic surfactant (VES)-fluid is one of the most widely used fracturing fluids in the hydraulic fracturing development of unconventional reservoirs, due to its non-residue(s) characteristics. However, conventional single-chain VES-fluid has a low temperature and shear resistance. In this study, two modified VES-fluid are developed as new thickening fracturing fluids, which consist of more single-chain coupled by hydrotropes (i.e., ionic organic salts) through non-covalent interaction. This new development is achieved by the formulation of mixing long chain cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) with organic acids, which are citric acid (CA) and maleic acid (MA) at a molar ratio of (3:1) and (2:1), respectively. As an innovative approach CTAB and CA are combined to obtain a solution (i.e., CTAB-based VES-fluid) with optimal properties for fracturing and this behaviour of the CTAB-based VES-fluid is experimentally corroborated. A rheometer was used to evaluate the visco-elasticity and shear rate & temperature resistance, while sand-carrying suspension capability was investigated by measuring the settling velocity of the transported proppant in the fluid. Moreover, the gel breaking capability was investigated by determining the viscosity of broken VES-fluid after mixing with ethanol, and the degree of core damage (i.e., permeability performance) caused by VES-fluid was evaluated while using core-flooding test. The experimental results show that, at pH-value ( 6.17 ), 30 (mM) VES-fluid (i.e., CTAB-CA) possesses the highest visco-elasticity as the apparent viscosity at zero shear-rate reached nearly to 10 6 (mPa·s). Moreover, the apparent viscosity of the 30 (mM) CTAB-CA VES-fluid remains 60 (mPa·s) at (90 ∘ C) and 170 (s − 1 ) after shearing for 2-h, indicating that CTAB-CA fluid has excellent temperature and shear resistance. Furthermore, excellent sand suspension and gel breaking ability of 30 (mM) CTAB-CA VES-fluid at 90 ( ∘ C) was shown; as the sand suspension velocity is 1.67 (mm/s) and complete gel breaking was achieved within 2 h after mixing with the ethanol at the ratio of 10:1. The core flooding experiments indicate that the core damage rate caused by the CTAB-CA VES-fluid is ( 7.99 % ), which indicate that it does not cause much damage. Based on the experimental results, it is expected that CTAB-CA VES-fluid under high-temperature will make the proposed new VES-fluid an attractive thickening fracturing fluid.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation and Performance Evaluation of Modified Viscoelastic Surfactant (VES) as a New Thickening Fracturing Fluid

et al. 2020

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“…Most studies of the effect of nanoparticles on the rheological properties of the solutions of wormlike micelles were performed using cationic [17,22] and anionic surfactants [18,20,23] and their mixtures [19]. At the same time, zwitterionic surfactants, which are low-toxic, biodegradable, and safe even for the sensitive child skin, are more promising in environmental terms [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aim of this work is to study the effect of nanoparticles on the rheological properties and structure of wormlike micelles based on a biodegradable zwitterionic surfactant with a long C18 tail, oleyl amidopropyl dimethyl carboxybetaine (OAB), obtained from biorenewable resources, vegetable oils, with a small addition of an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). As opposed to the overwhelming majority of previous works on nanocomposite systems based on wormlike surfactant micelles [17][18][19][20][21][22][23]25], platelike nanoparticles with a high specific surface compared with commonly used spherical particles were used as a filler. This provided a larger surface for interaction with micellar chains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Networks of Micellar Chains with Nanoplates

et al. 2021

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Nanocomposite networks of surfactant micellar chains and natural bentonite clay nanoplates are studied by rheometry, small-angle neutron scattering, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. It is shown that, in an aqueous medium in the presence of a small part of an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate, the molecules of a biodegradable zwitterionic surfactant, oleyl amidopropyl dimethyl carboxybetaine, form micron-length living micellar chains which entangle and form a network possessing well-defined viscoelastic properties. It is found that addition of negatively charged clay nanoplates leads to an increase in viscosity and relaxation time by an order of magnitude. This is explained by the incorporation of the nanoplates into the network as physical multifunctional crosslinks. The incorporation occurs via the attachment of semispherical end-caps of the micelles to the surface of the particles covered with a surfactant layer, as visualized by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. As the amount of nanoplates is increased, the rheological properties reach plateau; this is associated with the attachment of all end parts of micelles to nanoplates. The developed nanocomposite soft networks based on safe and eco-friendly components are promising for various practical applications.

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“…Surfactants generally form aggregates, e.g., micelles, for which the hydrophobic tails form the core of the aggregate and the hydrophilic head groups are in contact with the surrounding aqueous liquid. The geometry of the aggregates depends on the chemical structure of the surfactants (Chauhan, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to create ordered structures (Armstrong et al, 1996) surfactant mixtures have been used, resulting in increased viscosity and elasticity. The formation of ordered structures depends on size and shapes of the surfactants, ionic charges, and the counter ions (Chauhan et al, 2017). The structures can be disrupted by adding another surfactant or by dilution (Dantas et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscoelastic Behavior of Synthesized Liquid Soaps and Surface Activity Properties of Surfactants

Bratovčić

Nazdrajic

2020

J Surfact & Detergents

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In the present work, a rheological study of liquid soaps prepared from different mixture of surfactants as a function of surfactant type and concentration was performed. The curves of shear stress vs. shear rate and viscosity vs. shear rate were recorded at constant temperature, 294 ± 0.1 K. The surface activity properties were also studied. The results of the study showed that values of surface tension, γ, were in the range 31-40 mN m −1 and the critical micelle concentration (CMC), was of the order 10 −4 mol L −1. The calculated maximum surface excess, Γ max , varied from 2.40 to 3.66 μmol m −2 , while minimum area per molecule, A min , varied from 41.1 (for amphoterics) to 81.4 Å 2 (for nonionic surfactants). The standard free energy of micellization, ΔG 0 m −29.8 and −29.3 kJ mol −1 for anionic and amphoteric surfactants, respectively, were while values for nonionic surfactants varied between −31.8 and − 30.3 kJ mol −1. The free energy of adsorption, ΔG 0 ads was the lowest for amphoteric surfactants (−37.9 kJ mol −1), followed by anionics (−40.4 kJ mol −1) and nonionics (−43.34 to −46.84 kJ mol −1), indicating that micellization process is spontaneous in the examined medium. The synthetized liquid soaps show pseudoplastic behavior and they achieved pipe flow. The results of this research indicate that flow behavior was affected significantly by the ionic charge of the surfactant and the ionic strength of the formulation, suggesting that the flow behavior could be changed by manipulating the choice of the surfactant and salinity. The pH value of all liquid soaps examined were weakly acidic, in the range of 5.0-6.4.

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Effects of Nanoparticles and Surfactant Charge Groups on the Properties of Ves Gel

Cited by 25 publications

References 27 publications

Experimental Investigation and Performance Evaluation of Modified Viscoelastic Surfactant (VES) as a New Thickening Fracturing Fluid

Experimental Investigation and Performance Evaluation of Modified Viscoelastic Surfactant (VES) as a New Thickening Fracturing Fluid

Networks of Micellar Chains with Nanoplates

Viscoelastic Behavior of Synthesized Liquid Soaps and Surface Activity Properties of Surfactants

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