Effects of Nano-Sized Al on the Combustion Performance of Fuel Rich Solid Rocket Propellants

Abstract

Several industrial-and research -type fuel rich solid rocket propellants containing nano-metric aluminum metal particles, featuring the same nominal composition, were prepared and experimentally analyzed. The effects of nano-sized aluminum (nAl) on the rheological properties of metal/HTPB slurries and fuel rich solid propellant slurries were investigated. The energetic properties (heat of combustion and density) and the hazardous properties (impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity) of propellants prepared were analyzed and the properties mentioned above compared to those of a conventional aluminized (micro-Al, mAl) propellant. The strand burning rate and the associated combustion fl ame structure of propellants were also determined. The results show that nAl powder is nearly "round" or "ellipse" shaped, which is different from the tested micrometric Al used as a reference metal fuel. Two kinds of Al (nAl and mAl) powder can be dispersed in HTPB binder suffi ciently. The density of propellant decreases with increasing mass fraction of nAl powder; the measured heat of combustion, friction sensitivity, and impact sensitivity of propellants increase with increasing mass fraction of nAl powder in the formulation. The burning rates of fuel rich propellant increase with increasing pressure, and the burning rate of the propellant loaded with 20% mass fraction of nAl powder increases 77.2% at 1 MPa, the pressure exponent of propellant increase a little with increasing mass fraction of nAl powder in the explored pressure ranges.

Effect of Metal Nanopowders on the Performance of Solid Rocket Propellants: A Review

“…Loss of active metal, clustering during manufacture and storage, EOM viscosity, possible impairment of mechanical properties, less effective acoustic damping, aging, and cost (even though it is nowadays much diminished) are more than enough to balance the expected advantages. Moreover, with increasing nAl fraction, friction sensitivity, impact sensitivity, but also the measured heat of combustion (because of higher combustion efficiency), all increase [ 96 , 99 , 100 , 101 ]. The recommended approach to get the best of both worlds is to resort to dual metallic fuels, properly blending μAl and nAl.…”

Enhanced combustion characteristics of fuel‐rich propellant based on Al−Mg via GAP‐IPDI energetic thermoplastic polymer

“…This not only reduces the combustion stability of the fuel-rich in the gas generator and slows down the rate at which the particles leave the combustion surface, but also leads to poor fuel injection, which in turn leads to slag accumulation and nozzle erosion [4][5]. Using Al nanoparticles helps avoid Al particle agglomerations during combustion [6][7][8], as does the addition of high-entropy alloys [9][10], fluoropolymer coatings [11][12]. However, as a result, the addition of more powders leads to problems such as higher viscosity of the slurry [13], and fluoropolymer coating can complicate the process, both leading to difficulties in achieving a stable process.…”