Effects of NaCl on the J-aggregation of two thiacarbocyanine dyes in aqueous solutions

Xiang, Junfeng; Yang, Xiaorong; Chen, Ciping; Tang, Yalin; Yan, Wenpeng; Xu, Guangzhi

doi:10.1016/s0021-9797(02)00187-x

Cited by 71 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Therefore, MTC should exhibit higher capacity to form ionpairs with magnesium dication than PTC. This result is slightly different from our previous report [23] that the addition of NaCl has fully promoted PTC to J-aggregate, which could be explained by the salting-out effect because of the high concentration of NaCl under the previous experimental condition [28]. Similar phenomena with MgCl 2 were also observed when CaCl 2 , ZnCl 2 or CdCl 2 solution was added.…”

Section: Absorption Spectracontrasting

confidence: 99%

Aggregation behaviour of two thiacarbocyanine dyes in aqueous solution

et al. 2008

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Section: Absorption Spectracontrasting

confidence: 99%

Aggregation behaviour of two thiacarbocyanine dyes in aqueous solution

et al. 2008

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“…14 Unlike earlier reports, 16,17 we excluded a direct inhibitory effect of NaCl upon fluorescence, due to different perturbations of the ensembles (Fig. 5).…”

Section: Evidence For Supramolecular Self-assembly Of Cyanine 1 On Numentioning

confidence: 94%

Spectroscopic Analyses of the Noncovalent Self-Assembly of Cyanines upon Various Nucleic Acid Scaffolds

et al. 2009

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Noncovalent forces are involved in the supramolecular selfassembly. [1][2][3][4] We previously showed that a class of chromophores known as cyanines were capable of spontaneously selfassembling upon a variety of biopolymers including carbohydrates. [5][6][7][8] Cyanines are photosensitive dyes composed of two quaternized, nitrogen-containing, and heterocyclic ring structures, that are linked by a polymethine bridge. 9 Cyanines are characterized by high molar absorptivity, low intrinsic fluorescence and large fluorescence enhancement following self-assembly upon various templates. Supramolecular selfassembly involves reversible, noncovalent, and electrostatic (coulombic) interactions including hydrogen and/or charge bonding, van der Waals and hydrophobic forces. Cyanine selfassembly is sometimes accompanied by strong, sharp and bathochromic fluorescence, characteristic of J-aggregates. 10Cyanines are also capable of forming hypsochromic, nonfluorescent or very weakly fluorescent H-aggregates. 10 Controlling and tuning the supramolecular self-assembly processes will offer insights to enable programmability to achieve desired functional nanomaterials. We therefore further investigated the self-assembling of cyanines from our molecular "library" in order to identify a chromophore that was capable of forming intensely fluorescent J-aggregates.Our objectives were: 1) Identify cyanine chromophores from our molecular library that would be a sensitive probe for nucleic acids; 2) Correlate the form-function aspects of cyanine chemistry to self-assembly on nucleic acid scaffolds; 3) Compare the detection limits of single-stranded viral DNA, double-stranded viral DNA, double-stranded genomic DNA, and RNA, using self-assembly; 4) Optimize detection conditions for nucleic acids based upon supramolecular self-assembly including the stability of the nucleic acids-cyanine complex; and 5) Demonstrate supramolecular self-assembly processes were involved in the aggregation of the cyanine upon nucleic acid scaffolds. Results from these investigations are described in this paper. Experimental Reagents and chemicalsThe chemical structures of various cyanines from our molecular "library" 5,11 are shown in Fig. 1. Stock solutions of cyanines were prepared in methanol and stored refrigerated. Single stranded, circular, fX174 virion DNA (5386 bases, Mr = 1.7 ¥ 10 6 Da) from fX174 am3 cs70 bacteriophage was purchased from New England Biolabs (Ipswich, MA). Greater than 85% of the DNA molecules were circular. The double stranded bacteriophage lDNA composed of 48502 bp (Mr = 3.2 ¥ 10 7 Da) was from Promega (Madison, WI). Unsheared Escherichia coli (E. coli) genomic DNA with an average size of 16 kb (Mr = 1.4 ¥ 10 7 Da) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). The DNA had been purified by equilibrium buoyant density gradient ultracentrifugation in CsCl and agarose gel (0.8%) electrophoresis was used for size determination. Genomic DNA was dissolved using TE buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 1 mM NaCl and 1 mM EDTA). The DNA solution wa...

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“…Since, the standard reduction potential of Na + (2.71 V) is less than that of Fe 2+ (0.44 V) (Efecan et al, 2009) hence, it is less likely to put impact upon the reactivity of Fe 0 and Cl − might significantly affect the reactivity of Fe 0 surface. 'Salting out' effect of Na + in dye solution reduces the solubility of azo dye by decreasing the electrostatic repulsion between the dye anions and thus accelerates their aggregation (Xiang et al, 2003). Increment in NaCl concentration further decreases the effective coherence length of these aggregates to bring them closer to form larger aggregates.…”

Section: Effect Of Sodium Chloridementioning

confidence: 99%