Effects of N-acetylcysteine and metformin treatment on the stereopathological characteristics of uterus and ovary

Abstract

In this study, the stereo-pathological effect of metformin and N-acetyl cysteine is evaluated on the uterus and ovary of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) mice. 96 mature females (8-weekold, weight of 20–30 gr) BALB/c mice were classified into 6 groups including the control group (n= 16), letrozole-induced PCOS group (n=16), PCOS + metformin (n=16), PCOS+NAC (n=16) and a separate control group for NAC (n=16). Another PCOS group was maintained for a month to make sure that features remain till the end of the study. Testosterone level, vaginal cytology and stereological evaluations were assessed. Vaginal cytology in letrozole-receiving mice showed a diestrus phase continuity. Testosterone level, body weight, uterine weight, endometrial volume, myometrial volume, gland volume, stromal volume, epithelial volume, vessel volume, daughter and conglomerate glands, endometrial thickness, and myometrial thickness exhibited an increasing trend in the uterus of PCOS mice. While normal gland and vessel length decreased in the PCOS group. Ovarian volume, corticomedullary volume, primary follicles, secondary follicles, and ovarian cysts were increased in PCOS ovaries. While corpus luteum, primordial, graafian, and atretic follicles showed a decline in the PCOS group. NAC and metformin, however, managed to restore the condition to normal. Given the prevalence of PCOS and its impact on fertility, the use of noninvasive methods is of crucial significance. NAC can control and treat pathological parameters and help as a harmless drug in the treatment of women with PCOS.

Effect of Formaldehyde and Curcumin on Histomorphological Indices, Gene Expression Associated with Ovarian Follicular Development, and Total Antioxidant to Oxidant Levels in Wistar Rats

“…The paraffin block was then put on the θ -clock, and the division was performed along with the chosen score ( Figure 1(a) ) [ 20 ].…”

“…The volumes of the ovary were assessed by Cavalieri's principle [ 20 ]. For this purpose, 8–12 sections per rat were chosen by systematic random sampling.…”

“…The borders of the cortex, medulla, and corpus luteum were identified in each ovary segment ( Figure 1(b) ). The volume density of the cortex, medulla, and corpus luteum was calculated using the “point-counting approach,” and the following formula after the 386.66× final magnification stereology probes were applied to the live figure ( Figure 1(c) ) [ 20 , 21 ]: …”

“…Te follicles were detected, and the nucleus was visible in the greatest focus of the counting frame, was positioned wholly or partially there, and avoided making contact with the banned line of choice (Figure 1(d)) [20,21]. Te following algorithm is used to calculate the follicles' numerical density (NV):…”

Effects of N Acetylcysteine on the Expression of Genes Associated with Reproductive Performance in the Goat Uterus during Early Gestation

“…Studies on mares have shown that the administration of NAC can support the antibiotic treatment of endometritis by reducing inflammation [ 18 ]. Additionally, NAC exerts a positive effect on the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) [ 19 ]; specifically, NAC improves the receptivity and decidualization of the rat uterus and the level of gene expression during placental differentiation and is beneficial for foetal survival [ 20 ]. In addition, NAC improves production performance, reproductive performance, antioxidant status, immunity, and the delivery of maternal antibodies in Japanese quail under heat stress conditions [ 21 ].…”