Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in pregnancy on maternal and fetal erythrocyte fatty acid composition

Dunstan, Janet; Mori, Trevor A.; Barden, Anne; Beilin, Lawrence J.; Holt, Patrick G.; Calder, Philip C.; Taylor, Angie; Prescott, Susan L.

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601825

Cited by 123 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…Since neonatal LCPUFA values can be influenced by maternal diet during pregnancy (van Houwelingen et al, 1995;Dunstan et al, 2004;Helland et al, 2006), maternal LCPUFA intake during pregnancy can be expected to influence later movement quality of the child. Indeed, maternal seafood consumption shows a positive relation with fine motor skills (Hibbeln et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids at birth and motor function at 7 years of age

et al. 2007

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Background/Objectives: Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) rapidly accumulate in the central nervous system (CNS) during the perinatal CNS growth spurt. This particularly concerns arachidonic acid (AA: 20:4nÀ6) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA: 22:6nÀ3), which are thought to play important roles in CNS development and function. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between motor function at 7 years of age and the levels of AA and DHA in umbilical venous plasma phospholipids, representing the prenatal availability of these fatty acids, and in plasma phospholipids sampled at age 7 years. Subjects/Methods: Motor function was assessed both quantitatively (the ability to perform a movement) and qualitatively (how the movement is performed) with the Maastricht Motor Test (MMT) in 306 children, born at term, at 7 years of age as part of a follow-up study. Results: Backward stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed a significant, positive relation between umbilical plasma DHA concentrations (but not plasma DHA levels at 7 years) and the MMT total and quality score, corrected for the covariables gender, cognitive performance, gestational age and age at measurement (partial b ¼ 0.13, P ¼ 0.01 and 0.14, P ¼ 0.01, respectively). The contributions of DHA and AA (both at birth and at 7 years of age) to quantitative movement scores were not significant. Conclusions: Our results suggest that prenatal DHA availability, which can be influenced by maternal dietary DHA intake during pregnancy, can have an effect on quality of movement in later life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids at birth and motor function at 7 years of age

et al. 2007

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“…An increase in the levels of plasma fatty acids, without dietary supplementation during normal pregnancy, has been reported. 60 Dunstan et al 61 have observed that supplementing the diet with fish oil (EPA and DHA), during pregnancy, resulted in an increase in EPA and DHA in phospholipids of maternal peripheral blood at 30 and 37 weeks of gestation, and remained elevated at 6 weeks postpartum. However, in the present study, we have observed that the dietary supplementation with EPA and DHA prevented hyperlipidemia in diabetic pregnant mothers and macrosomic offspring.…”

Section: 2150-52mentioning

confidence: 99%

N-3 Fatty acids modulate antioxidant status in diabetic rats and their macrosomic offspring

et al. 2006

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Objective: We investigated the role of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in the modulation of total antioxidant status in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and their macrosomic offspring. Design: Female wistar rats, fed on control diet or n-3 PUFA diet, were rendered diabetic by administration of five mild doses of STZ on day 5 and were killed on days 12 and 21 of gestation. The macrosomic (MAC) pups were killed at the age of 60 and 90 days. Measurements: Lipid peroxidation was measured as the concentrations of plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and the total antioxidant status was determined by measuring (i) plasma oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), (ii) plasma vitamin A, E and C concentrations, and (iii) antioxidant enzymes activities in erythrocytes. The plasma lipid concentrations and fatty acid composition were also determined. Results: Diabetes increased plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations, whereas macrosomia was associated with enhanced plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels, which diminished by feeding n-3 PUFA diet. N-3 PUFA diet also reduced increased plasma TBARS and corrected the decreased ORAC values in diabetic rats and their macrosomic offspring. EPAX diet increased the diminished vitamin A levels in diabetic mothers and vitamin C concentrations in macrosomic pups. Also, this diet improved the decreased erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in diabetic and macrosomic animals. Conclusion: Diabetes and macrosomia were associated with altered lipid metabolism, antioxidant enzyme activities and vitamin concentrations. N-3 PUFA diet improved hyperlipidemia and restored antioxidant status in diabetic dams and MAC offspring.

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“…At 20 weeks of gestation (before dietary intervention), 22·2 % of all participants had a BDI score of 10 or higher. Fish oil supplementation was associated with a significant increase in n-3 PUFA levels and the n-3:n-6 ratio, together with a proportional fall in n-6 PUFA levels (reported in Dunstan et al (46) ). Mean delta BDI scores (completers only), provided by the authors, were used in the meta-analysis.…”

Section: Description Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 78%

The efficacy of n-3 fatty acids DHA and EPA (fish oil) for perinatal depression

2010

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Depressive symptoms are common during pregnancy and the post-partum period. Although essential n-3 PUFA may have beneficial effects on depression, it remains unclear whether they are also effective for perinatal depression. The purpose of the present study was to assess the efficacy of n-3 supplementation for perinatal depression, by performing a meta-analysis on currently available data. After a thorough literature search, we included seven randomised controlled trials in the meta-analysis, all with EPA and/or DHA supplementation. Most studies were judged to be of low-to-moderate quality, mainly due to small sample sizes and failure to adhere to Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials guidelines. Some studies were not primarily designed to address perinatal depression. A total of 309 women on n-3 fatty acid supplementation were compared with 303 women on placebo treatment. n-3 Supplementation was not found to be significantly more effective than placebo at post-treatment with a pooled effect size (Hedges's g) of 20·03 (95 % CI 2 0·18, 0·13; P¼ 0·76) using a fixed-effects model. Heterogeneity was low-to-moderate (I 2 ¼ 30 %). In a subgroup analysis of three small studies of pregnant women with major depression, there was some indication of effectiveness (effect size 0·17; 95 % CI 2 0·21, 0·55). In conclusion, the question of whether EPA and DHA administration is effective in the prevention or treatment of perinatal depression cannot be answered yet. Future research should focus on women who are clinically depressed (or at risk). The quality of research in this area needs to improve.

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Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in pregnancy on maternal and fetal erythrocyte fatty acid composition

Cited by 123 publications

References 52 publications

Relationship between long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids at birth and motor function at 7 years of age

Relationship between long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids at birth and motor function at 7 years of age

N-3 Fatty acids modulate antioxidant status in diabetic rats and their macrosomic offspring

The efficacy of n-3 fatty acids DHA and EPA (fish oil) for perinatal depression

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