Effects of myogenin on muscle fiber types and key metabolic enzymes in gene transfer mice and C2C12 myoblasts

Zhu, Liangjun; Ren, Yanling; Chen, Jingqing; Wang, Yizhen

doi:10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.028

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The upregulation of Myog may underlie this metabolic alteration. Myog overexpression in mice induces a shift from glycolytic to oxidative metabolism [ 31 , 32 ]. At the fiber type level, the metabolic alteration of the present study is further supported with the shift from type IIb to IIx fibers and the upregulation of Myh1, coding for MHC IIx.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agonist muscle adaptation accompanied by antagonist muscle atrophy in the hindlimb of mice following stretch-shortening contraction training

Rader

Naimo

Ensey

et al. 2017

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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BackgroundThe vast majority of dynamometer-based animal models for investigation of the response to chronic muscle contraction exposure has been limited to analysis of isometric, lengthening, or shortening contractions in isolation. An exception to this has been the utilization of a rat model to study stretch-shortening contractions (SSCs), a sequence of consecutive isometric, lengthening, and shortening contractions common during daily activity and resistance-type exercise. However, the availability of diverse genetic strains of rats is limited. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to develop a dynamometer-based SSC training protocol to induce increased muscle mass and performance in plantarflexor muscles of mice.MethodsYoung (3 months old) C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 1 month of plantarflexion SSC training. Hindlimb muscles were analyzed for muscle mass, quantitative morphology, myogenesis/myopathy relevant gene expression, and fiber type distribution.ResultsThe main aim of the research was achieved when training induced a 2-fold increase in plantarflexion peak torque output and a 19% increase in muscle mass for the agonist plantaris (PLT) muscle. In establishing this model, several outcomes emerged which raised the value of the model past that of being a mere recapitulation of the rat model. An increase in the number of muscle fibers per transverse muscle section accounted for the PLT muscle mass gain while the antagonist tibialis anterior (TA) muscle atrophied by 30% with preferential atrophy of type IIb and IIx fibers. These alterations were accompanied by distinct gene expression profiles.ConclusionsThe findings confirm the development of a stretch-shortening contraction training model for the PLT muscle of mice and demonstrate that increased cross-sectional fiber number can occur following high-intensity SSC training. Furthermore, the TA muscle atrophy provides direct evidence for the concept of muscle imbalance in phasic non-weight bearing muscles, a concept largely characterized based on clinical observation of patients. The susceptibility to this imbalance is demonstrated to be selective for the type IIb and IIx muscle fiber types. Overall, the study highlights the importance of considering muscle fiber number modulation and the effect of training on surrounding muscles in exercise comprised of SSCs.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12891-017-1397-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agonist muscle adaptation accompanied by antagonist muscle atrophy in the hindlimb of mice following stretch-shortening contraction training

Rader

Naimo

Ensey

et al. 2017

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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“…Myosin heavy chain isoform I (MyHCI), also known as slow-twitch oxidative type I, metabolizes lipids as fuel. Three fast-twitch types, namely myosin heavy chain isoform IIA (MyHCIIA), myosin heavy chain isoform IIX (MyHCIIX) and myosin heavy chain isoform IIB (MyHCIIB), predominantly use glycogen and glucose as fuel [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PGC-1α is associated with C2C12 Myoblast differentiation

Lin

Zhao

et al. 2014

Open Life Sciences

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PGC-1α has been implicated as an important mediator of functional capacity of skeletal muscle. However, the role of PGC-1α in myoblast differentiation remains unexplored. In the present study, we observed a significant up-regulation of PGC-1α expression during the differentiation of murine C2C12 myoblast. To understand the biological significance of PGC-1α up-regulation in myoblast differentiation, C2C12 cells were transfected with murine PGC-1α cDNA and siRNA targeting PGC-1α, respectively. PGC-1α over-expressing clones fused to form typical myotubes with higher mRNA level of myosin heavy chain isoform I (MyHCI) and lower MyHCIIX. No obvious differentiation was observed in PGC-1α-targeted siRNA-transfected cells with marked decrement of mRNA levels of MyHCI and MyHCIIX. Furthermore, PGC-1α increased the expression of MyoD and MyoG in C2C12 cells, which controlled the commitment of precursor cells to myotubes. These results indicate that PGC-1α is associated with myoblast differentiation and elevates MyoD and MyoG expression levels in C2C12 cells.

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“…MyoG is mainly expressed at the end of differentiation. Manipulating MyoG gene expression can affect the differentiation of C2C12 mouse fibroblast cell line [33]. At a low dose, MyoG promotes the formation of fast type of myofiber; whereas at a high dose it promotes the production of slow type of myofiber [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Ammonia Affects Myofiber Development and Lipid Metabolism in Growing Pig Muscle

Tang

Xie

Zhang

et al. 2019

Animals

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Ammonia, an aerial pollutant in animal facilities, affects animal health. Recent studies showed that aerial ammonia negatively impacts meat quality but the mechanism remains unknown. To understand how ammonia drives its adverse effects on pig meat quality, 18 crossbred gilts were exposed to 0, 10 or 25 mg/m3 ammonia for 25 days. Ammonia exposure increased fat content in the Longissimus dorsi muscle, and meat color got lighter after 25 mg/m3 ammonia exposure. Analysis of MyHC isoforms showed an increased MyHC IIx but decreased MyHC I after ammonia exposure. Besides, muscular glutamine decreased significantly as aerial ammonia increased. Although hyperammonemia was reported to upregulate MSTN and inhibit downstream mTOR pathway, no changes have been found in the mRNA expression level of MSTN and protein expression level of mTOR signal pathway after ammonia exposure. RNA-Seq showed that 10 mg/m3 ammonia exposure altered genes related to myofiber development (MyoD1, MyoG), whereas 25 mg/m3 ammonia affected genes associated with fatty acid synthesis and β-oxidation (SCD, FADS1, FASN, ACADL). Collectively, our findings showed aerial ammonia exposure appears to regulate myofiber development and lipid metabolism in the skeletal muscle, which results in the negative impacts on meat quality in pigs.

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Effects of myogenin on muscle fiber types and key metabolic enzymes in gene transfer mice and C2C12 myoblasts

Cited by 31 publications

References 49 publications

Agonist muscle adaptation accompanied by antagonist muscle atrophy in the hindlimb of mice following stretch-shortening contraction training

Agonist muscle adaptation accompanied by antagonist muscle atrophy in the hindlimb of mice following stretch-shortening contraction training

PGC-1α is associated with C2C12 Myoblast differentiation

Atmospheric Ammonia Affects Myofiber Development and Lipid Metabolism in Growing Pig Muscle

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