Effects of Music Therapy on Pain and Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Bone Marrow Biopsy and Aspiration

Abstract

Bone marrow biopsy and aspiration are commonly used for diagnosing, treating, and following up after treatment for blood disorders and solid tumors. For adults, the infiltration of local anesthesia at the biopsy site has been used as the principal form of analgesia for bone marrow biopsy and aspiration. Pain relief during these procedures is often incomplete, especially during aspiration of the bone marrow, and pain is likely to contribute to patient anxiety. Researchers at the Tabriz Hematology and Oncology Center in Iran conducted a study to quantify and evaluate the effectiveness of music therapy interventions on pain and anxiety control for 100 patients undergoing bone marrow biopsy and aspiration. Participants in the study were randomly assigned to one of two groups: one group listened to music during the procedure, and the other did not. Patients completed the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory both before and after the procedure and reported pain severity by using a visual analog scale. Results showed that participants who listened to music had lower state anxiety and pain levels than those who did not listen to music.

Pain and Anxiety During Less Invasive Interventional Radiology Procedures

“…Treatment of pain with systematic analgesics might require an adequate preprocedural history and physical examination to assure patients receive appropriate agents and dosages for their current condition. In IR settings where this is not done, nurses should be prepared to use nonpharmacologic pain management strategies, such as music therapy, deep breathing and relaxation techniques, or guided imagery (Chair et al, 2012;Chang et al, 2011;Keller et al, 2012;McDaniel et al, 2009;Nikolajsen et al, 2009;Shabanloei et al, 2010;Weeks & Nilsson, 2011;Zakerimoghadam et al, 2010;Zengin et al, 2013). Any of these techniques could also be used in addition to medications.…”

“…One study conducted in the cardiac catheterization laboratory setting found that most patients undergoing several procedural types and conscious sedation experienced comfort, whereas a minority (26%) experienced discomfort (Beddoes, Botti, & Duke, 2008). Music, education, and relaxation/massage interventions have been evaluated to decrease pain and anxiety in radiology-assisted procedures (Chair, Chau, Sit, & Wong, 2012;Chang, Peng, Wang, & Lai, 2011;Keller et al, 2012;McDaniel et al, 2009;Nikolajsen, Lyndgaard, Schriver, & Moller, 2009;Shabanloei, Golchin, Esfahani, Dolatkhah, & Rasoulian, 2010;Weeks & Nilsson, 2011;Zakerimoghadam, Shaban, Mehran, & Hashemi, 2010;Zengin et al, 2013); findings are mixed in terms of intervention effectiveness, although most music interventions were effective in reducing pain.…”

Music's Use for Anesthesia and Analgesia

“…1 Music is used in general hospitals to alleviate pain in conjunction with anesthesia or pain medication, elevate patient's mood and counteract depression, promote movement for physical rehabilitation, calm or sedate, often to induce sleep, counteract apprehension or fear and lessen muscle tension for the purpose of relaxation, including the autonomic nervous system. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] A literature search was conducted using the PubMed database to assess the effect of music on pain and anxiety during perioperative period and music's effect on chronic pain. The objective of this review was to determine the effect of music on perioperative stress and anxiety, perception of pain during procedures, postoperative pain intensity or analgesic requirements, and treatment of chronic pain.…”

Control of anxiety through music in a head and neckoutpatient clinic: a randomized clinical trial

“…Physiological and psychological effects of using music have been described in different publications, including changes in blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, muscle relaxation, pain reduction, and hormonal secretion including endorphins, among others (1)(2)(3)(4) . Some authors claim that music produces an anxiolytic effect for being related to an affective meaning, and that by generating pleasure, it lessens anxiety.…”