Effects of muscle cooling on kinetics of pulmonary oxygen uptake and muscle deoxygenation at the onset of exercise

Wakabayashi, Hisao; Osawa, Mizuki; Koga, Shunsaku; Li, Ké; Sakaue, Hiroyuki; Sengoku, Yasuo; Takagi, Hideki

doi:10.14814/phy2.13910

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Vastus lateralis muscle and skin temperatures were measured continuously (at a distance of 50% between the greater trochanter and lateral condyle of the femur) before (after entering the chamber) and during exercise and at 3 h post-exercise. Muscle temperature was evaluated non-invasively (every 2 s) using a probe-type thermometer (Core temp CM-210; TERMO Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) ( Wakabayashi et al, 2018 ). Skin temperature was monitored (every 1 s) using a probe-type thermometer and logger (NT Logger N543; Nikkiso-Therm Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) ( Maruyama et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine and Metabolic Responses to Endurance Exercise Under Hot and Hypoxic Conditions

et al. 2020

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Purpose: We explored the effect of heat stress during an acute endurance exercise session in hypoxia on endocrine and metabolic responses. Methods: A total of 12 healthy males cycled at a constant workload (60% of the power output associated with their maximal oxygen uptake under each respective condition) for 60 min in three different environments: exercise under hot and hypoxia (H+H; fraction of inspiratory oxygen or FiO 2 : 14.5%, 32 • C), exercise under hypoxia (HYP; FiO 2 : 14.5%, 23 • C), and exercise under normoxia (NOR; FiO 2 : 20.9%, 23 • C). After completing the exercise, participants remained in the chamber for 3 h to evaluate metabolic and endocrine responses under each environment. Changes in muscle oxygenation (only during exercise), blood variables, arterial oxygen saturation, and muscle temperature were determined up to 3 h after exercise. Results: Serum erythropoietin (EPO) level was increased to similar levels in both H+H and HYP at 3 h after exercise compared with before exercise (P < 0.05), whereas no significant increase was found under NOR. No significant difference between H+H and HYP was observed in the serum EPO level, blood lactate level, or muscle oxygenation at any time (P > 0.05). Exercise-induced serum growth hormone (GH) elevation was significantly greater in H+H compared with HYP (P < 0.05) and HYP showed significantly lower value than NOR (P < 0.05). Arterial oxygen saturation during exercise was significantly lower in H+H and HYP compared with NOR (P < 0.05). Furthermore, H+H showed higher value compared with HYP (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The serum EPO level increased significantly with endurance exercise in hypoxia. However, the addition of heat stress during endurance exercise in hypoxia did not augment the EPO response up to 3 h after completion of exercise. Exercise-induced GH elevation was significantly augmented when the hot exposure was combined during endurance exercise in hypoxia. Muscle oxygenation levels during endurance

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine and Metabolic Responses to Endurance Exercise Under Hot and Hypoxic Conditions

et al. 2020

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“…This monitor measures skin surface temperature beneath a thermal insulating pad containing a heater, which equilibrates the skin temperature with the deep tissue temperature when heat flow from the skin is maintained at zero. The consistency between muscle temperature measured using a needle thermocouple and the zero heat flow method was evaluated previously (Togawa et al, 1976; Wakabayashi et al, 2018). Tre, skin, and deep thigh temperature, HR were measured every 3 min during the experiment.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearing a Cooling Vest During Half-Time Improves Intermittent Exercise in the Heat

2019

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Endurance and intermittent exercise performance are impaired by high ambient temperatures. Various countermeasures are considered to prevent the decline in exercise performance in the heat, convenient, and practical cooling strategies attracts attention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of wearing a new type of cooling vest which cooled torso and neck during half-time (HT) on intermittent exercise performance that imitated intermittent athletic games. All measurements on the experiments were carried out with the bicycle ergometer. Eight male soccer players performed a familiarization session and two experimental trials of a 2 × 30 min intermittent cycling exercise protocol, which consisted of a 5 s maximal power pedaling (body weight ×0.075 kp) every minutes separated by 25 s unloaded pedaling (80 rpm) and rest (30 s) in the heat (33.0°C; 50% relative humidity). The two trials included cooling-vest condition (VEST) and control condition (CON), and the difference is with or without wearing cooling vest imposed for 15 min at HT. Mean and peak power output, rectal (Tre) and skin temperature (neck, upper back, chest, right upper arm, and thigh), heart rate (HR), deep thigh temperature, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and thermal comfort (TC) and thermal sensation (TS) were measured. Mean power output at 2nd half was significantly greater ( p < 0.05) in VEST (3rd trial: 589 ± 58 W, 4th trial: 584 ± 58 W) than in CON (3rd trial: 561 ± 53 W, 4th trial: 561 ± 53 W). HR were significantly lower in VEST during HT and higher in VEST at the last maximal pedaling ( p < 0.05). At the end of HT, neck skin temperature and mean skin temperature were significantly lower in VEST (32.04 ± 1.47°C, 33.76 ± 1.08°C, respectively) than in CON (36.69 ± 0.78°C, 36.14 ± 0.67°C, respectively) ( p < 0.05). During 2nd half, TS, TC, and RPE were significantly lower in VEST than in CON ( p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in Tre and deep thigh temperature throughout each conditions. These results indicate that wearing a new type of cooling vest during HT significantly improves intermittent exercise performance in the heat with decreased neck and mean skin temperature and improved subjective responses.

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“…Study has demonstrated that the tissue saturation index (TSI) in muscle tissue gradually decreases with increasing exercise intensity 27 . Decreased TSI in muscle tissue leads to an increase in blood lactate concentration 26,28 . Lactate is an intermediate of glucose metabolism and its increase may be related to conscious fatigue 29,30 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Land vs. water HIIE effects on muscle oxygenation and physiological parameter responses in postmenopausal women

Chien

Kan

Liao

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Muscle oxygenation (MO) status is the dynamic balance between O 2 utilization and O 2 delivery. Low-impact high-intensity interval exercise MO responses in the exercise and recovery stage are still unclear. We compared the differences in MO and physiological parameters between high-intensity interval water-based exercise (WHIIE) and high-intensity interval land bike ergonomic exercise (LBEHIIE) in postmenopausal women. Eleven postmenopausal women completed WHIIE or LBEHIIE in counterbalanced order. Eight sets were performed and each exercise set included high intensity with 80% heart rate reserve (HRR) in 30 s and dynamic recovery with 50% HRR in 90 s. Muscle tissue oxygen saturation index (TSI), total hemoglobin (tHb), oxy-hemoglobin (O 2 Hb), and deoxy-hemoglobin (HHb) were recorded. Blood lactate, heart rate and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured at pre and post-exercise. Under similar exercise intensity, RPE in WHIIE was lower than that in LBEHIIE. The heart rate in WHIIE was lower than that in LBEHIIE at 1 and 2 min post-exercise. During the dynamic recovery, TSI, tHb, and O2Hb in water were higher than on land. A negative correlation was found between the change in TSI and lactate concentration (r = − 0.664). WHIIE produced greater muscle oxygenation during dynamic recovery. Muscle TSI% was inversely related to blood lactate concentration during exercise in water. Women become estrogen deficient in the post-menopausal period. This increases the risk for cardiovascular disease 1,2. Numerous studies demonstrated that higher than moderate intensity exercise can reduce cardiovascular disease and the overall risk of death 3,4. However, lack of time is one of the most important obstacles to regular exercise 5. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) can achieve cardiovascular stimulation intensity within a short time period. HIIT is an exercise pattern that alternates high-intensity exercise periods with lowintensity recovery periods. High intensity is defined as above 80% HRmax 6 , and it is generally more common to use intensity greater than 80-95% HRmax 7-10. Dynamic exercise intensity recovery is the moderate intensity of 50-60% HRR or of 60-70% VO 2 peak 11. Previous studies demonstrated that HIIT on land can effectively reduce post-menopausal women's abdominal fat 12 , inflammatory markers 10 , insulin sensitivity, oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease risk 13. Although there are many benefits to on-land HIIT, participants must endure higher joint impact and the risk for acute muscle soreness or muscle damage with weight-bearing exercise on land 14,15. Furthermore, a decline in muscle power and muscle strength 16 and increase in deleterious musculoskeletal conditions 17 occurs after middle-age. The high-impact jumping exercise on land is too burdensome for postmenopausal women. The buoyancy of water can reduce the joint load and joint impact caused by exercise. Exercising in shallow water it will increase the resistance in the lower limbs, so that the lower limb workload increases. Bicyc...

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Effects of muscle cooling on kinetics of pulmonary oxygen uptake and muscle deoxygenation at the onset of exercise

Cited by 10 publications

References 39 publications

Endocrine and Metabolic Responses to Endurance Exercise Under Hot and Hypoxic Conditions

Endocrine and Metabolic Responses to Endurance Exercise Under Hot and Hypoxic Conditions

Wearing a Cooling Vest During Half-Time Improves Intermittent Exercise in the Heat

Land vs. water HIIE effects on muscle oxygenation and physiological parameter responses in postmenopausal women

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