Effects of multi‐metal exposure on the risk of diabetes mellitus among people aged 40–75 years in rural areas in southwest China

Abstract

Aims/Introduction: Metals play an important role in diabetes mellitus. This crosssectional study aimed to evaluate the overall, individual and interactive effects of multimetal exposure on the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) rate and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels. Materials and Methods:The FBG levels of a study population from a cadmium (Cd)polluted area (n = 250) and an unpolluted area (n = 204), and the metal levels, including magnesium, calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), Cd, copper and lead (Pb) in blood and urine were detected. The study population was divided into a normal fasting glucose group, an IFG group and a diabetes mellitus group on the basis of FBG levels. Results: The IFG rate and diabetes mellitus prevalence were negatively associated with blood Cd and urine Zn levels (IFG rate: odds ratio [OR] 0.780, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.655-0.928; OR 0.622, 95% CI 0.465-0.831. Diabetes mellitus prevalence: OR 0.506, 95% CI 0.288-0.888; OR 0.609, 95% CI 0.395-0.939), the IFG rate was positively associated with urine Fe levels (OR 1.876, 95% CI 1.290-2.778), and diabetes mellitus prevalence was positively associated with urine Pb and blood Fe levels (OR 1.185, 95% CI 1.022-1.376; OR 1.008, 95% CI 1.001-1.014). A linear negative correlation was observed between FBG levels and blood Cd, and non-linear inverted U-shaped associations were found between FBG levels and Zn, Pb and copper in urine. Conclusions: This research suggests that multi-metal exposure, especially Cd, Fe, Zn, copper and Pb, is linked to diabetes mellitus, and the interactive effects of multiple metals require further exploration.

The association between serum magnesium and chronic kidney disease in Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study

“…The concentrations of serum Mg (median/mean: 0.95 mmol/L) in the present study were slightly higher than those described in NHANES I study in the U.S. (median: 0.85 mmol/L) [ 35 ], and from the EPIC-Norfolk cohort study in the UK (males: 0.82 mmol/L; females: 0.80 mmol/L) [ 36 ], while were slightly lower than that reported in the rural areas of the southwest of China (median: 1.07 mmol/L) [ 37 ]. The difference in serum Mg levels among these regions may be attributed to the inclusion of age limit, dietary preference, drinking water, and race specificity [ 35 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Blood Lead Exposure and Association With Hepatitis B Core Antibody in the United States: NHANES 2011–2018

“…Similar results were obtained in the participants of this study, while trend tests showed that participants' blood lead levels increased with age and that this trend was more pronounced in participants with HBcAb (+). Lead exposure could increase the prevalence of metabolic disorders, and the risk of metabolic disorders increases with age ( 27 ). We believe that metabolic diseases might alter the mechanisms by which lead is metabolized in the body, which could also explain the higher blood lead levels in the older participants.…”

Deciphering the complex interplay of risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A comprehensive review

“…There is proof that exposure to specific metals, such as arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb), causes T2D. This exposure can occur through contaminated food and water, inhalation of polluted air, and occupational exposure [ 99 , 118 , 119 ]. As, Cd, Hg, and Pb are among the hazardous metals that can cause oxidative stress by boosting the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which include nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide radicals.…”