“…• Morphine, DAMGO (ex vivo) ↓ [ 35 S]GTPγS binding in NAc Shell, CPu, amygdala, PFC, but not hippocampus, with morphine in Tat mice | Mouse, Tat tg, males | (Hahn et al 2016 ) | Neuroinflammation; morphine tolerance (antinociception), physical withdrawal, reward | Tat 1–86 | No | Morphine (75 mg pellet, 5 days) | • ↑ Tolerance (↓ anti-nociceptive potency and ↓ withdrawal symptoms) • ↑ CPP and cytokines (24 h after withdrawal) • Above effects reduced by CCR5 blockade | Mouse, Tat tg, males | (Gonek et al 2018 ) |
Neuropathy | gp120 (0.2 μg), q.d. intrathecally | No | Morphine (3 μg, intrathecally, b.i.d., 5 days) | • ↑ Mechanic allodynia • ↑ Brd4 mRNA | Rat, males, gp120 | (Takahashi et al 2018 ) |
Morphine efficacy, potency | Tat 1–86 | No | Morphine (acute, 2–8 mg/kg s.c.) | ↓ Antinociceptive potency and efficacy (tail flick) | Mouse, Tat tg, males | (Fitting et al 2012 ) |
Morphine tolerance, physical dependence | Tat 1–86 | No | Morphine (75 mg pellet, 4 days) | • ↑ Antinociceptive tolerance • ↓ Physical dependence | Mouse, Tat tg, males | (Fitting et al 2016 ) |
Locomotor function | Tat 1–86 | No | Oxycodone (0–10 mg/kg, i.p., 15 min prior behavioral assay) | ↑ Locomotor activity, center entries (open field) | Mouse, Tat tg, females | (Salahuddin et al 2020 ) |
SIV macR71/17E | No | Morphine (escalating doses of 1–2.5 mg/kg i.m., q.i.d., 59 weeks) | ↓ Motor skill | Rhesus macaques | (Marcario et al 2016 ) |
Tat 1–86 | No | Oxycodone (acute, 0.1–10 mg/kg, i.p.) | ↑ Psychomotor effects | Mouse, Tat tg, females | (Paris et al 2020 ) |
BBB integrity | Tat ... |
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