Effects of Monsoon, Shamal and Levar winds on dust accumulation over the Arabian Sea during summer – The July 2016 case

Rashki, Alireza; Kaskaoutis, Dimitris G.; Mofidi, Abbas; Minvielle, F.; Chiapello, Isabelle; Legrand, Michel; Dumka, U. C.; François, Philippe

doi:10.1016/j.aeolia.2018.11.002

Cited by 83 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…The deciphered periods of weaker monsoon in the cores generally implied a reduced strength of the SW monsoon wind over the Thar Desert, but the higher dust concentrations were most likely due to strong westerly wind-driven supplies from the Middle East sources, rather than from the Thar Desert. This is analogous to the measured dust transport pathways from the Arabian Peninsula and the Iranian deserts to the Arabian Sea during strong dust activities in 1995 (Tindale and Pease, 1999) and 2016 (Rashki et al, 2019). Ocean and continental records also revealed pulsating monsoon strength at timescales of 100, 40 and 21 ka, and at other shorter periods (Prell and Kutzbach, 1987;Clift and Plumb, 2008;Dixit et al, 2018), which guided the relative dominance and complementarities of the fluvial and aeolian processes in Thar Desert.…”

Section: Antiquity Of Aeolian Processessupporting

confidence: 75%

Quaternary Aeolian Landscape Development in Thar Desert and its drivers

Kar¹

2020

PINSA

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Research on the aeolian processes and landforms in the Thar Desert is not a very fertile academic field in India, especially because of the region's locational and climatic disadvantages. Studies by some dedicated groups over the past few decades helped to improve our understanding of the present-day process-form interactions in the desert. Linking those understanding with the results from optically stimulated luminescence dating of the sediments a broad framework of landscape development history during the late Quaternary period has been developed. The studies so far confirm that climate, especially its oscillations between warm wet and dry cool phases in an overall monsoon domain, was the most dominant driver of landscape development in our desert, and that the aeolian processes became more efficient during the transition from a drier to a wetter phase, rather than during the peak of dry period. There were, however, some notable exceptions to that rule. We highlight some of the unresolved issues, and discuss how analysis of the results from climate simulation modelling, understanding of the complementarities between aeolian and fluvial processes under different spatio-temporal contexts, and interpretation of the satellite sensor-based and ground-based observations of the modern processes can help to strengthen our knowledge on aeolian landscape development in the region.

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Section: Antiquity Of Aeolian Processessupporting

confidence: 75%

Quaternary Aeolian Landscape Development in Thar Desert and its drivers

Kar¹

2020

PINSA

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“…During spring, as depicted in Figure b, the Sudan Low (1,006 hPa) has a wide weak RST, while the Indian low (1,004 hPa) has a trough over the southern Arabian Peninsula and a weak pressure trough over the eastern Arabian Peninsula, which represents a permanent warm dust system (Rashki et al ., ). Moreover, a weak low‐pressure cell (1,012 hPa) is located over southern Italy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The maximum wind at 250 hPa, as shown in Figure 12a, forms a trough wind shape over the Red Sea and a ridge wind shape over the eastern Arabian Peninsula, with two maximum values over southern Libya and the eastern Arabian Peninsula, with values of 95 and 81 knots, respectively. During spring, as depicted in Figure 12b, the Sudan Low (1,006 hPa) has a wide weak RST, while the Indian low (1,004 hPa) has a trough over the southern Arabian Peninsula and a weak pressure trough over the eastern Arabian Peninsula, which represents a permanent warm dust system (Rashki et al, 2019). Moreover, a weak low-pressure cell (1,012 hPa) is located over southern Italy.…”

Section: Slp and Maximum Wind At 250 Hpamentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In summer, as shown in Figure 5c, the Siberian High diminishes, while the Azores High, with the highest isobar at 1017 hPa, forms a weak ridge over the western region. The Sudan Low appears as an extension of a pronounced Indian Low with a minimum pressure of 998 hPa, which represents a permanent warm dust system (Rashki et al, 2019). In addition, the Indian Low forms a deep trough over the Arabian Gulf and, with the Azores High, forms a wide area of a pressure gradient extending from Libya to the eastern Arabian Peninsula.…”

Section: Slp and Maximum Wind At 250 Hpamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monthly and seasonal variability of dust events over northern Saudi Arabia

Mashat

Awad

Alamoudi

et al. 2019

Intl Journal of Climatology

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The monthly and seasonal variability and distribution of dust events over northern Saudi Arabia were studied using ground‐based measurements from 11 surface stations for the period of 1978–2010. Additionally, to study the synoptic climatology of the dust variability, the aerosol index (AI) data from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) satellite and meteorological data from the National Center for Environmental Prediction and National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis datasets were used. The dust types observed at the surface stations are classified into two categories: weak dust and dust storms. A statistical study of the ground measurements demonstrated that weak dust category events are prevalent in the cold months, whereas storm category events are prevalent in the hot months. Additionally, the annual distribution distinguishes two periods for dust observations, before and after 1989, where the number of events in the first period is lower than the annual average but increases during the second period. The synoptic climate study indicated that two main atmospheric wind patterns, anticyclonic and northerly (shamal) patterns, accompany the dust events in the study area. The dust in winter and autumn is mainly affected by the anticyclonic pattern, while that in spring and summer is mainly affected by the shamal pattern. In addition, a synoptic study of selected cases confirmed the climate results and demonstrated the existence of two atmospheric patterns corresponding to winter and summer. Both patterns include troughs over the Red Sea and Arabian Gulf and a ridge or high‐pressure cell over the eastern Mediterranean region during the summer atmospheric pattern and over the mid‐Arabian Peninsula during the winter atmospheric pattern. The characteristic of non‐dust storm composition demonstrated that the storms exhibit pronounced synoptic systems (winter and summer) with the highest pressure/geopotential gradient near the Arabian Peninsula.

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“…The 6-hourly datasets of near-surface dust concentration (in µgm-3) and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) were obtained from the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications-2 (MERRA-2) reanalysis database at spatial resolution of 0.5 × 0.625 • and at 72 hybrid-eta levels from surface to 0.01 hPa [42]. MERRA-2 reanalysis has been increasingly available for studying dust events and their interrelation with meteorology over the globe [43,44].…”

Section: Reanalysis Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclogenesis and Density Currents in the Middle East and the Associated Dust Activity in September 2015

et al. 2019

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The first 10 days of September 2015 were marked by intense dust activity over the Middle East and the Arabian Peninsula. This study examines the atmospheric conditions at the origin of the large dust storms during this period. We particularly investigate the atmospheric dynamics leading to the development of a large dry cyclone over Iraq on 31 August 2015 which in turn generated an intense dust storm that affected most of the countries around the Arabian Gulf and lasted for 5 days. We found that the cyclone developed over Northwest Iraq as a transfer to low levels of a cut-off low which had formed two days earlier at upper levels over Turkey. Large dust loads exceeding 250 tons were emitted and moved southeast in a cyclonic shape toward the Arabian sea. The second large dust storm on 6-8 September 2015 occurred over Syria and affected all the coastal countries on the eastern side of the Mediterranean Sea. It was associated with the occurrence of a series of density currents over northeast Syria emanating from deep convection over the mountainous border between Syria and Turkey. The unusual development of deep convection over this area was associated with a blocking high and interaction with orography. Both the cut-off high and the cut-off low occurred during a period characterized by a meandering polar jet and an enhanced subtropical jet causing unstable weather over mid-latitudes which in turn led to highly polluted atmosphere by natural dust in the affected countries.

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Effects of Monsoon, Shamal and Levar winds on dust accumulation over the Arabian Sea during summer – The July 2016 case

Cited by 83 publications

References 92 publications

Quaternary Aeolian Landscape Development in Thar Desert and its drivers

Quaternary Aeolian Landscape Development in Thar Desert and its drivers

Monthly and seasonal variability of dust events over northern Saudi Arabia

Cyclogenesis and Density Currents in the Middle East and the Associated Dust Activity in September 2015

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