Effects of monounsaturated fatty acids ν complex carbohydrates on serum lipoproteins and apoproteins in healthy men and women

Mensink, R.P.; Groot, M.J.M. de; Broeke, Leon T. van den; Severijnen-Nobels, A.P.; Demacker, P.N.M.; Katan, M.B.

doi:10.1016/0026-0495(89)90258-8

Cited by 95 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This beneficial effect was balanced by a reduction in HDL cholesterol and an increase in triglyceride concentrations, findings consistent with those of other studies (24,25). In contrast, fat-modified diets, primarily composed of monoand polyunsaturated fats, have been found to reduce LDL cholesterol levels without producing undesirable lipid effects (25,38,39). Thus, even the one adverse effect of the high fat diet in this study (higher LDL cholesterol) may not have been seen if the proportion of mono-or polyunsaturated fat had been higher.…”

Section: Jceandmm991supporting

confidence: 62%

Comparison of the Effects on Insulin Sensitivity of High Carbohydrate and High Fat Diets in Normal Subjects*

Borkman

Campbell

Chisholm

et al. 1991

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

133

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To examine whether achievable dietary changes influence insulin sensitivity, we performed euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamps in eight normal subjects who were prescribed high carbohydrate and high fat diets. The high carbohydrate diet was more than 50% (of energy intake) carbohydrate and less than 30% fat; the high fat diet was more than 45% fat (predominantly saturated) and less than 40% carbohydrate. The diets were consumed over consecutive 3-week periods in random sequence. The mean whole body glucose uptake during the glucose clamps was similar after the high carbohydrate (48.3 mumol/kg.min) and high fat diets (47.0 mumol/kg.min; P = 0.5; 95% confidence interval for the difference, -3.4 to 5.9 mumol/kg.min). Fasting blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations were also unchanged. In contrast, there were substantial effects on lipoprotein metabolism. During the high carbohydrate diet, fasting serum cholesterol decreased by 17% (P = 0.06), low density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased by 20% (P = 0.05), high density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased by 24% (P less than 0.005), and triglyceride increased by 33% (P = 0.06) compared with levels during the high fat diet. These results suggest that practically achievable high carbohydrate diets do not enhance insulin sensitivity in nondiabetic subjects and have net effects on lipoprotein metabolism that may be unfavorable.

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Section: Jceandmm991supporting

confidence: 62%

Comparison of the Effects on Insulin Sensitivity of High Carbohydrate and High Fat Diets in Normal Subjects*

Borkman

Campbell

Chisholm

et al. 1991

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

133

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“…It may result from a reduction in the synthesis rate of apo A-I rather than from a change in its fractional rate of catabolism. 31 Monounsaturated fat diets have been reported to increase apo A-I levels, 39 to reduce this tendency in men, 6 or to not have any effect at all 13 compared with a baseline diet high in saturated fat. The reduction of apo B by both the sunflower and rapeseed oil diets compared with a saturated fat diet agrees with the reduction of LDL concentrations by both test diets and accords with the results of other studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a monounsaturated rapeseed oil and a polyunsaturated sunflower oil diet on lipoprotein levels in humans.

Valsta

Jauhiainen

Aro

et al. 1992

Arterioscler Thromb

103

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The effects of high oleic acid rapeseed oil compared with polyunsaturated fats on serum lipoprotein levels are largely unknown. Therefore, we fed 30 women and 29 men a baseline diet rich in saturated fat, which was followed by a diet rich in high oleic and low erucic acid rapeseed oil (total energy content of fat, 38%; saturates, 12.4%; monounsaturates, 16%; n-6 polyunsaturates, 6%; and n-3 polyunsaturates, 2%) and one rich in sunflower oil (total energy content of fat, 38%; saturates, 12.7%; monounsaturates, 10%; n-6 polyunsaturates, 13%; and n-3 polyunsaturates, 0%). The oils were incorporated into mixed natural diets that were dispensed in a random order for 3.5 weeks each in a blinded crossover design. The diet composition was confirmed by analysis of duplicate diets. Both test diets reduced serum total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels from baseline, the monounsaturated rapeseed oil diet more than the polyunsaturated sunflower oil diet (TC: -15% versus -12%, p<0.01; LDL cholesterol: -23% versus -17%, p<0.0l). Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol and total, VLDL, and LDL triglyceride levels were lower during the sunflower oil diet compared with the rapeseed oil diet Total high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels remained unchanged by both diets. The consumption of rapeseed oil resulted in a more favorable HDLj to LDL cholesterol ratio (0.43±0.19 versus 0J9±0.18, /?<0.01) and an apolipoprotein A-I to B ratio (3.0±1.4 versus 2.4± 1.6,p<0.001) than did the sunflower oil. Our results suggest that substitution by high oleic acid rapeseed oil of saturated fats strongly affects LDL metabolism, whereas substitution by polyunsaturated sunflower oil affects both VLDL and in addition to LDL. (Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis 1992;12:50-57)

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“…Since these pioneering studies, a number of subsequent studies have reported similar results. 6,25,26 More recently, the DELTA (Dietary Effects on Lipoproteins and Thrombogenic Activity) Study reported that a Step 1 diet (29% of energy from fat, 8% from SFA, and 292 mg of cholesterol per day) and a high-MUFA diet low in SFA and cholesterol (36% of energy from fat, 21% from MUFA, 9% from SFA, and 293 mg of cholesterol per day) both lowered total and LDL cholesterol levels by 5.5% and 7%, respectively, compared with an average American diet (AAD) in subjects with a low HDL cholesterol level (Ͻ25th percentile), moderately elevated triglycerides (Ͼ70th percentile), or elevated insulin levels (Ͼ70th percentile). 7 Triglycerides increased by 12% and 7% on the Step 1 diet compared with the high-MUFA diet and the AAD, respectively.…”

Section: Mufa Versus Carbohydrate As a Replacement For Sfamentioning

confidence: 99%

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

1999

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for the Nutrition Committee T his report summarizes our current understanding of how monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) affect risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This is a topic that has attracted considerable scientific interest, 1-3 in large part because of uncertainty regarding whether MUFA or carbohydrate should be substituted for saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and the desirable quantity of MUFA to include in the diet. MUFAs in the US DietMUFAs are distinguished from the other fatty acid classes on the basis of having only 1 double bond. In contrast, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have 2 or more double bonds, and SFAs have none. The position of the hydrogen atoms around the double bond determines the geometric configuration of the MUFA and hence whether it is a cis or trans isomer. In a cis MUFA, the hydrogen atoms are present on the same side of the double bond, whereas in the trans configuration, they are on opposite sides. The American Heart Association Nutrition Committee recently published a scientific statement regarding the relationship of trans MUFA to CVD risk, 4 and the present statement, therefore, will be limited to a discussion of dietary cis MUFAs, of which oleic acid (cis C18:1) comprises Ϸ92% of cis MUFAs. In the United States, average total MUFA intake is 13% to 14% of total energy intake, an amount that is comparable to (or slightly greater than) SFA intake. In contrast, PUFAs contribute less (ie, 7% of energy).The major emphasis of current dietary guidelines involves replacing SFAs with complex carbohydrates to achieve a total fat intake of Յ30% of calories. There is evidence suggesting that the substitution of MUFA instead of carbohydrate for SFA calories may favorably affect CVD risk. [5][6][7] The American Heart Association dietary guidelines for healthy American adults recommend a diet that provides Ͻ10% of calories from SFA, up to 10% from PUFA, and as much as 15% from MUFA. 8 The recommendation to limit total dietary fat to 30% of calories is intended to facilitate the reduction of SFA and to help control calories to manage weight. At this recommended level of dietary fat, several tablespoons of unsaturated fat can be incorporated in the diet. Depending on SFA and PUFA intake, a high-MUFA diet that provides 15% or more of energy results in a total fat intake Ͼ30% of energy. Nonetheless, a high-MUFA diet can be an alternative to the presently recommended Step 1 diet (Յ30% fat, 8% to 10% SFA, and Ͻ300 mg of cholesterol per day) to favorably affect CVD risk, provided it does not exceed SFA recommendations and energy needs. MUFA Versus Carbohydrate as a Replacement for SFAThe uniqueness of MUFA as a major nutrient in the Mediterranean region's food supply was first identified by Ancel Keys and his colleagues in the landmark Seven Countries Study. 9 Certain Mediterranean populations in that study (Corfu and Crete) had a low prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and low plasma cholesterol levels despite consumption of a diet high in total fat (33% to 40% of calories) and low i...

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Effects of monounsaturated fatty acids ν complex carbohydrates on serum lipoproteins and apoproteins in healthy men and women

Cited by 95 publications

References 22 publications

Comparison of the Effects on Insulin Sensitivity of High Carbohydrate and High Fat Diets in Normal Subjects*

Comparison of the Effects on Insulin Sensitivity of High Carbohydrate and High Fat Diets in Normal Subjects*

Effects of a monounsaturated rapeseed oil and a polyunsaturated sunflower oil diet on lipoprotein levels in humans.

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

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