Effects of monensin and essential oils on immunological, haematological and biochemical parameters of cows during the transition period

Drong, C.; Meyer, Ulrich; Soosten, Dirk von; Frahm, Jana; Rehage, J.; Schirrmeier, Horst; Beer, Martin; Dänicke, Sven

doi:10.1111/jpn.12494

Cited by 26 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Thus, early lactating cows seem to be in an immunologically more dysregulated T cell balance compared to later stages of lactation. This finding is in general agreement with recent findings in transition cows (Schulz et al 2015, Tienken et al 2015) but contrasts another experiment where time and treatment (body condition score, monensin, essential oils) around calving influenced the CD4+/CD8+ ratio in an interactive manner (Drong et al 2016). A successive increase in dietary energy concentration resulted in a significant decrease of the CD4+/CD8+ ratio from 2.5 to 2.1 in non-gravid and non-lactating cows (Dänicke et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Haematological, clinical–chemical and immunological consequences of feeding Fusarium toxin contaminated diets to early lactating dairy cows

et al. 2016

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Dairy cows experience a negative energy balance at the onset of lactation which results in an enhanced vulnerability for infectious diseases. Any dietary imbalances, including Fusarium toxin contamination, might therefore exacerbate this situation. The aim of the present investigations was to study the effects of increasing dietary concentrations of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) on clinical-chemical, haematological and immunological traits up to week 14 of lactation. For this purpose, ten cows each were assigned to a control group (CON; 0.02 mg ZEN and 0.06 mg DON per kg diet at 88 % DM), toxin level 1 (TOX-1; 0.29 mg ZEN and 2.31 mg DON per kg diet at 88 % DM) and toxin level 2 (TOX-2; 0.58 mg ZEN and 4.61 mg DON per kg diet at 88 % DM). The measured values of most parameters were affected by parturition but only a few of them were further modified by dietary treatment. For example, the time-dependent decrease in haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit and erythrocyte counts occurred at a significantly higher level for group TOX-2 while a serum glucose increase was missing in this group. Proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ cells decreased significantly over time solely in group TOX-2 while the CD4+/CD8+ ratio remained uninfluenced. Ability of granulocytes to mount an oxidative burst tended to increase at the end of the study in groups TOX-1 and TOX-2 while the opposite was observed in group CON. The results of this time-limited study indicate that feeding of Fusarium-toxin contaminated diets in early lactation affects health related parameters without compromising milking performance. However, long-term consequences of the observed effects on health need to be addressed in further studies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Haematological, clinical–chemical and immunological consequences of feeding Fusarium toxin contaminated diets to early lactating dairy cows

et al. 2016

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“…on in animals treated with 5.7 g of CLA daily, we did not detect any changes in lymphocyte subpopulations. The observed distinct nadir of the R123+ proportion of granulocytes from 2 to 10% shortly after calving is in line with results described in literature (Dosogne et al, 1999;Rinaldi et al, 2008); and Drong et al (2017) emphasized the importance of parturition for the oxidative system of the cow. The R123+-populations in cows in 3rd or higher parity were increased only from d 28 p.p.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The increase in WBC toward calving is in line with literature (Zerbe et al, 2000;Drong et al, 2017). According to Quiroz-Rocha et al (2009), the WBC of cows in 3rd or higher parity should be enhanced compared with cows in the 2nd parity before calving; this finding was not confirmed by the present results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Influence of conjugated linoleic acids and vitamin E on biochemical, hematological, and immunological variables of dairy cows during the transition period

Schäfers

Soosten

Meyer

et al. 2018

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and vitamin E as well as their interaction on biochemical and hematological variables and on leukocyte populations and their functionality. We assigned 59 German Holstein cows between the 2nd and 9th lactation to 4 dietary groups in a 2 × 2 factorial design with the factors CLA and vitamin E. Six weeks before calving the cows had a BCS of 3.7 to provoke a higher risk of developing ketosis, which might impair their immune function. Blood samples for analyses were taken on d -42, -14, -7, -3, 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 56, and 70 relative to parturition. Furthermore, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured on d -42, -7, 1, 7, 14, 28, and 70 relative to calving. Most variables were characterized by a high variation between d 7 antepartum and d 7 postpartum. Treatments did not elicit any effect, with the exception of vitamin E, which increased serum urea concentrations and decreased monocyte percentages. Haptoglobin, aspartate-aminotransferase, red blood cell count, leukocyte percentage and populations, as well as peripheral blood mononuclear cells were influenced by parity. In conclusion, the impairment of immune function caused by calving was more severe in cows in ≥3rd parity than in younger cows. However, neither vitamin E nor CLA supplementation was successful to stabilize parity or parturition related variance in hematological and immunological traits.

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“…Monensin caused an increase in rumen molar propionate proportions, reducing the occurrence of subclinical or clinical ketosis (Drong et al, 2016a). Furthermore, we observed an influence of monensin on liver health and immune response after vaccination (Drong et al, 2016b). The supplementation of a BEO did not result in alterations in rumen fermentation, production, or immunological factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…The experimental design, rations, performance, and energy metabolism and rumen fermentation variables were previously published in Drong et al (2016a). Variables illustrating the effect of these feed additives on immunity were described in Drong et al (2016b).…”

Section: Experimental Design Sample Collection and Analysis Of Perfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of monensin and a blend of essential oils on rumen microbiota composition of transition dairy cows

Schären

Drong

Kiri

et al. 2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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In response to oral application, monensin alters the rumen microbiota, increasing ruminal propionate production and energy availability in the animal. Data from different studies indicate that the susceptibility of rumen bacteria to monensin is mainly cell-wall dependent but tracing its activity to specific microbial groups has been challenging. Several studies have shown a similar effect for essential oils but results are inconsistent. To investigate the influence of monensin and a blend of essential oils (BEO, containing thymol, guaiacol, eugenol, vanillin, salicylaldehyde, and limonene) on the rumen microbiome, rumen liquid samples were collected orally on d 56 postpartum from cows that had either received a monensin controlled-release capsule 3 wk antepartum, a diet containing a BEO from 3 wk antepartum onward, or a control diet (n = 12). The samples were analyzed for pH, volatile fatty acid, ammonia, and lipopolysaccharide concentrations and protozoal counts. A 16S rRNA gene fingerprinting analysis (PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism) and sequencing revealed that the BEO treatment had no effect on the rumen microbiota, whereas monensin decreased bacterial diversity. Twenty-three bacterial species-level operational taxonomic units were identified for which monensin caused a significant decrease in their relative abundance, all belonging to the phyla Bacteroidetes (uncultured BS11 gut group and BS9 gut group) and Firmicutes (Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae). Ten bacterial operational taxonomic units belonging to the phyla Actinobacteria (Coriobacteriaceae), Bacteroidetes (Prevotella), Cyanobacteria (SHA-109), and Firmicutes (Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae) increased in relative abundance due to the monensin treatment. These results confirm the hypothesis that varying effects depending on cell-wall constitution and thickness might apply for monensin sensitivity rather than a clear-cut difference between gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. No effect of monensin on the archaea population was observed, confirming the assumption that reported inhibition of methanogenesis is most likely caused through a decrease in substrate availability, rather than by a direct effect on the methanogens. The data support the hypothesis that the observed increase in ruminal molar propionate proportions due to monensin may be caused by a decrease in abundance of non-producers and moderate producers of propionate and an increase in abundance of succinate and propionate producers.

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Effects of monensin and essential oils on immunological, haematological and biochemical parameters of cows during the transition period

Cited by 26 publications

References 49 publications

Haematological, clinical–chemical and immunological consequences of feeding Fusarium toxin contaminated diets to early lactating dairy cows

Haematological, clinical–chemical and immunological consequences of feeding Fusarium toxin contaminated diets to early lactating dairy cows

Influence of conjugated linoleic acids and vitamin E on biochemical, hematological, and immunological variables of dairy cows during the transition period

Differential effects of monensin and a blend of essential oils on rumen microbiota composition of transition dairy cows

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